新时代下生物入侵预警防控管理问题分析  

Insights into the early warning and prevention as well as the control management of biological invasion in the new era

作　　者：王从彦 刘丽萍 Wang Congyan;Liu Liping(School of the Environment and Safety Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013,China;The First Procuratorial Department,People's Procuratorate of Jingkou District,Zhenjiang City,Jiangsu Province,Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212008,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学环境与安全工程学院,江苏镇江212013 [2]江苏省镇江市京口区人民检察院第一检察部,江苏镇江212008

出　　处：《环境与发展》2021年第2期192-201,共10页Environment & Development

基　　金：江苏高校哲学社会科学研究基金项目“新时代背景下政府生态职能转变路径研究”(2018SJA1043);常州市重点研发计划应用基础研究项目“常州恶性入侵植物分布格局及其预警防控治理”(CJ20200013);镇江市社科应用研究法学专项课题“生态环境保护法治保障研究-基于生物入侵为主导的生物安全”(2020FX12)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：以外来入侵物种导致的生物入侵为代表的生物安全已成为全球性的重大环境问题之一。在新时代下构筑美丽中国,这亟需对以生物入侵为代表的生物安全进行预警防控管理。本研究对新时代下我国以生物入侵为代表的生物安全预警防控管理在法律法规体系、政府职能、数据资源、机制研究、执法监管和关注度等方面尚存在的问题进行全方位解析,以便为阐明新时代下我国以生物入侵为代表的生物安全预警防控管理之路径及其实施重难点以及实施总体要求奠定坚实的理论基础。新时代下我国以生物入侵为代表的生物安全预警防控管理之路径应以习近平总书记坚持总体国家安全观思想为指导方针,以提高生物安全治理能力、筑牢国家安全基石为核心思想,以加快生物安全立法、健全生物安全法律法规体系、加强生物安全法律法规体系宣传教育、加强依法行政、转变政府生态职能、培养政府法治思维与公众生物安全意识、提高政府生物安全执法水准和力度以及强化职能监管和责任追究为重心,以强化推进分门别类的外来入侵物种特别是外来入侵植物成功入侵机制的研究、构建扩大针对入侵生物的生态环境监测预警和风险评估与防控一体化技术体系以及明确引入或释放外来入侵物种造成的环境生态行为承担环境侵权责任之划分为核心,进而为快速推进我国生态文明建设水平和构筑美丽中国奠定坚实的生态环境基础提供强有力的理论支撑和实践基础。Recently,biosafety,which is represented by biological invasion caused by alien invasive species,has become one of the most important environmental problems globally.Thus,it is urgent to carry out the early warning and prevention as well as the control management represented by biological invasion caused by alien invasive species to build a beautiful China in the new era.The present study focuses on the remaining problems of the early warning and prevention as well as the control management represented by biological invasion caused by alien invasive species in the aspects of laws and regulations systems,government functions,data resources,mechanism research,and attention,respectively.The present study aims to lay a solid theoretical foundation for elucidating the implementation approaches,implementation difficulties,and overall requirements of the early warning and prevention as well as the control management represented by biological invasion caused by alien invasive species in China in the new era.The implementation of the early warning and prevention as well as the control management represented by biological invasion caused by alien invasive species in China in the new era can be accomplished via the following ways:(1)General Secretary Xi Jinping′s adherence to the overall national security concept as the guiding principle;(2)improve the ability of biosafety management and build a firm foundation for national security as the core idea;(3)speed up the biosafety legislation,perfecting biosafety laws and regulations systems,strengthen publicity and education of biosafety laws and regulations,strengthen administration in accordance with the legal systems,transform the government′s ecological functions,train the government′s legal thinking and the public′s awareness of biosafety,improve the level and intensity of government biosafety enforcement,and strengthen functional oversight and accountability as the central task;(4)strengthen the studies on the mechanisms underlying the successful invasion of alien i

关 键 词：生物入侵 生物安全 预警防控 风险评估 生态职能 环境侵权责任 

分 类 号：X32[环境科学与工程—环境工程]