基于激波管评价的单兵头面部装备冲击波防护性能研究  

Research on anti-shockwave performance of the protective equipment for the head of a soldier based on shock tube evaluation

作　　者：康越 张仕忠[2] 张远平[3] 柳占立[4] 黄献聪 马天 KANG Yue;ZHANG Shizhong;ZHANG Yuanping;LIU Zhanli;HUANG Xiancong;MA Tian(Institute of Quartermaster Engineering and Technology,Institute of System Engineering,Academy of Military Sciences,Beijing 100010,China;State Key Laboratory of High Temperature Gas Dynamics,Institute of Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Institute of Fluid Physics,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang 621999,Sichuan,China;School of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]军事科学院系统工程研究院军需工程技术研究所,北京100010 [2]中国科学院力学研究所高温气体动力学国家重点实验室,北京100190 [3]中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所,四川绵阳621999 [4]清华大学航天航空学院,北京100084

出　　处：《爆炸与冲击》2021年第8期176-188,共13页Explosion and Shock Waves

摘　　要：为了优化单兵头面部防护装备结构,提升防护性能,首先开展了基于实爆场和激波管环境的裸头模抗爆炸冲击波对比测试。在此基础上,利用激波管对佩戴不同结构、不同防护等级的头盔-头模系统分别进行了正向及侧向爆炸冲击波防护性能测试,并对头盔-头模系统前部、前额部、顶部、后部、耳部以及眼部等重点区域的冲击波超压峰值和持续作用时间进行对比分析。实验结果表明,基于激波管的抗爆炸冲击波测试方法可替代外场实爆进行考核。受到冲击波正向作用时:两半盔头模顶部测点所测冲击波超压峰值约为喷管出口的1/6,是裸头模和一体盔头模的1/3;冲击波在两半盔顶部分体结构处分流卸压并形成叠加反射,导致作用时间延长(从5.5~8.5 ms),但超压峰值降低明显;对后部测点而言,冲击波的绕行和叠加使一体盔头模所测冲击波超压峰值(365 kPa)略高于两半盔头模(303 kPa),约为裸头模(148 kPa)的2.5倍。通过提高单兵头面部防护装备结构密闭性(如佩戴眼镜、耳罩或者防护面罩),可有效阻止冲击波进入头盔-头模系统内部,减弱叠加汇聚效应,提高单兵头面部装备防护性能。In order to optimize the structure and improve the performance of the head and face protective equipment for an individual soldier,firstly,the blast wave resistance tests of the bare-head model were carried out in real explosion field and shock tube environments,respectively.On this basis,the forward and lateral blast shockwave protective performance tests for helmet-head systems with different structures and protection levels were carried out by using the shock tube method.Finally,the peak values and durations of shockwave overpressure in the front,forehead,top,back,ear and eye areas of the helmet-head systems were compared and analyzed.The experimental results show that the blast shockwave test using a shock tube can be a substitute for the real explosion field test.When subjected to the effect of frontal shock wave,the peak value of the shockwave overpressure measured at the top measuring point of the two-half-helmet head model is about 1/6 compared with that of the nozzle outlet and 1/3 of the bare-head model as well as the integrated-helmet head model.The shockwave splits and relieves pressure at the split structure on the top of the two-half helmets and forms a superimposed reflection,resulting in a prolonged action time(5.5−8.5 ms),but a significantly decreased peak overpressure.For the rear measuring points,the peak overpressure(365 kPa)of shockwave measured by the integrated-helmet head model is slightly higher than that(303 kPa)measured by the two-half-helmet head model,and about 2.5 times as high as that(148 kPa)measured by the bare head model.By improving the structural airtightness of individual head and face protective equipments(such as wearing glasses,earmuffs or protective masks),shockwaves can be effectively prevented from entering the helmet-head systems,the stacking convergence effect can be weakened,and the protective performance of individual head and face equipments can be improved.

关 键 词：爆炸冲击波 冲击波防护 单兵装备 激波管 

分 类 号：O389[理学—流体力学]