我国农村养老面临的挑战和养老服务存在的突出问题  

Challenges Faced by Elderly Care and Outstanding Problems in Elderly Care Services in Rural China

作　　者：陈欣欣 陈燕凤 龚金泉 贾媛 孟琴琴 王格玮 王亚峰 颜力 杨鹏[3] 赵耀辉[3] CHEN Xinxin;CHEN Yanfeng;GONG Jinquan;JIA Yuan;MENG Qinqin;WANG Gewei;WANG Yafeng;YAN Li;YANG Peng;ZHAO Yaohui

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国社会科学调查中心 [2]华北电力大学经济与管理学院 [3]北京大学国家发展研究院

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第4期64-77,共14页Journal of China Agricultural University;Social Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“中国农村老年人口的照料需求、照料服务体系及政策支持”(71873010);国家自然科学基金国际合作项目“生活方式对老年认知损害和失智症的影响研究:基于中英可比健康养老追踪调查”(7191101279)。

摘　　要：快速的人口老龄化和城市化,以及长期的城乡不平衡发展,使我国农村养老面临比城市更加严峻的挑战,亟待科学研判我国农村养老面临的挑战和农村养老服务发展中存在的突出问题。基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据研究发现,中国农村传统的家庭养老模式未来将因人口转型面临非常严峻的挑战:和城市相比,农村老人的失能化程度更高、照料负担更重、空巢化速度更快、养老经济支持能力更弱。当前农村养老服务发展存在严重的城乡失衡、农村养老服务照料缺口更大、社会化程度低、医养结合面临诸多实践性困难。为了满足农村日益增加的多元化的养老服务需求,本文基于城乡统筹和医养结合的思路提出了相应的政策建议。With rapid aging and urbanization,as well as the unbalanced development between urban and rural areas,now China's eldercare system in rural areas is facing more challenges than that in urban areas,which makes it urgent to understand the current characteristics and development trend of this system and challenges in providing rural eldercare.Using data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS),we find that compared with urban peers,the rural elderly are much more likely to have difficulties in ADL/IADL,which contributes to the big burden to their family and the whole society.In addition,the number of those who live alone(including with their spouse only)in rural areas is increasing faster than that in urban areas.Furthermore,the rural elderly are more financially vulnerable than their urban peers.However,there are fewer eldercare facilities and the growth rate is lower in rural than in urban areas.It is also difficult for the rural elderly to receive integrated medical and personal care.Finally,the care deficit in rural areas is likely larger in the future due to the migration of children.In order to meet the increasingly diverse needs for eldercare in rural areas,some suggestions are proposed to facilitate the migration of rural elderly and encourage the integration of medical care and eldercare.

关 键 词：老龄化 农村养老服务 失能 照料缺口 医养结合 

分 类 号：F323.89[经济管理—产业经济]