低海拔舍饲对牦牛和犏牛生长性能、屠宰性能和肌肉品质的影响  

Effects of Low Altitude House-Feeding on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Muscle Quality of Yak and Cattle-Yak

作　　者：袁萍 张翔飞 官久强[2] 安添午[2] 李华德[2] 谭武 谢荣清[2] 罗晓林[2] 江明锋[1] YUAN Ping;ZHANG Xiangfei;GUAN Jiuqiang;AN Tianwu;LI Huade;TAN Wu;XIE Rongqing;LUO Xiaolin;JIANG Mingfeng(Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization,Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China;Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science,Chengdu 611731,China;Rangkou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station,Shuajingsi Town,Hongyuan County,Aba Prefecture,Aba 624400,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学青藏高原动物遗传资源保护与利用,四川省教育部重点实验室,成都610041 [2]四川省草原科学研究院,成都611731 [3]阿坝州红原县刷经寺镇壤口畜牧兽医站,阿坝624400

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2021年第8期4791-4800,共10页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：西南民族大学研究生创新型科研项目(CX2019SZ75);国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系(CARS-37);四川省科技厅应用基础研究项目(2020YJ0472);四川省科研院所基本科研项目“牦牛肌内脂肪(IMF)沉积规律及其营养代谢机制研究”;四川省科研院所科技成果转化项目(2020JDZH0031);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0302);四川省科技厅应用基础研究项目(2020YJ0471);四川省科技计划(2016NYZ0050);四川省科技计划(2019YFH0035)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探讨低海拔舍饲对牦牛和犏牛生长性能、屠宰性能和肌肉品质的影响。试验选取36月龄、体重相近、体况良好的健康雄性麦洼牦牛[(169.85±13.69)kg]10头和犏牛[本地黄牛×麦洼牦牛,(142.60±26.18)kg]5头作为试验动物,将10头麦洼牦牛随机均分为2组(舍饲牦牛组与放牧牦牛组,每组5头),5头犏牛单独作为1组(舍饲犏牛组)。放牧牦牛2019年12月至2020年5月于甘孜州红原县牧区(海拔3500 m)按照传统模式于天然草地放牧,舍饲牦牛和犏牛于广汉农区(海拔480 m)进行冷季全舍饲育肥,预试期30 d,正试期120 d,而后对各组试验牛进行生长性能、屠宰性能和肌肉品质的测定。结果表明:舍饲牦牛的末重、平均日增重、胴体重、净肉重均显著高于放牧牦牛(P<0.05),舍饲犏牛的平均日增重显著高于舍饲牦牛(P<0.05);舍饲牦牛背最长肌中粗灰分含量显著高于放牧牦牛(P<0.05),舍饲犏牛背最长肌中粗脂肪含量显著高于舍饲牦牛与放牧牦牛(P<0.05),舍饲牦牛背最长肌中水分含量显著高于舍饲犏牛(P<0.05);舍饲牦牛背最长肌的pH_(24 h)、红度(a^(*))值、剪切力显著低于放牧牦牛(P<0.05),舍饲犏牛背最长肌肌内脂肪含量显著高于舍饲牦牛(P<0.05);舍饲牦牛背最长肌中鲜味氨基酸、酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸含量均显著高于放牧牦牛(P<0.05)。由此可见,与传统放牧牦牛冷季掉膘相比,低海拔舍饲可促进牦牛与犏牛的生长,改善肌肉的营养成分含量与食用品质,且犏牛因杂交优势明显而育肥效率更为显著。The objective of this study was to explore the effects of low altitude house-feeding on the growth performance,slaughter performance and meat quality of yak and cattle-yak.Ten healthy male Maiwa yaks[(169.85±13.69)kg]and 5 cattle-yaks[local yellow cattle×Maiwa yak,(142.60±26.18)kg]which were 36 months old,were selected for this trial.Maiwa yaks were randomly divided into 2 groups(house-fed yak group and grazing yak group)with 5 heads in each group,and 5 cattle-yaks were assigned into house-fed cattle-yak group.Grazing yaks grazed on natural grassland in pasturing area of Hongyuan county,Ganzi prefecture(altitude:3500 m)from December 2019 to May 2020.Meanwhile,the house-fed yaks and cattle-yaks were fed in Guanghan agricultural area(altitude:480 m)in winter.The experiment consisted of 30 d pre-test period and 120 d test period.Afterwards,growth performance,slaughter performance and meat quality of all experimental cows were measured.The results showed that the final body weight,average daily gain,carcass weight and net meat weight of house-fed yaks were significantly higher than those of grazing yaks(P<0.05),and the average daily gain of house-fed cattle-yaks was significantly higher than that of house-fed yaks(P<0.05).Compared with grazing yaks,house-fed yaks had significantly higher ash content in longissimus dorsi(P<0.05).The ether extract content in longissimus dorsi of house-fed cattle-yak group was the greatest among three groups(P<0.05),and the moisture content in longissimus dorsi of house-fed yaks was significantly higher than that of house-fed cattle-yaks(P<0.05).House-fed yaks had significantly lower pH_(24 h),redness(a^(*))value and shear force of longissimus dorsi than the grazing ones(P<0.05).The intramuscular fat content in longissimus dorsi of house-fed cattle-yaks was significantly greater than that of house-fed yaks(P<0.05).When compared with grazing yaks,the flavor amino acid,tyrosine and phenylalanine contents in longissimus dorsi of house-fed yaks were significantly increased(P<0.05).It can

关 键 词：低海拔舍饲 牦牛 犏牛 生长性能 屠宰性能 肉质性状 营养成分 

分 类 号：S823.85[农业科学—畜牧学]