河流跨界水污染双向补偿定量化研究  

Quantitative study of two-way compensation for rivers transboundary water pollution

作　　者：朱琪 罗军刚[1] 张璇[1] ZHU Qi;LUO Jungang;ZHANG Xuan(State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《西安理工大学学报》2021年第2期185-193,285,共10页Journal of Xi'an University of Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51679188);陕西省水利科技计划资助项目(2018slkj-4);西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室自主研究课题资助项目(2019KJCXTD-5)。

摘　　要：针对河流上游水体中污染物跨界传递对下游水体造成污染的问题,提出了河流污染物跨界传递影响量化补偿方法及体系框架,以解决传统补偿核算未将反向补偿、河道断面流量和污染物跨界传递三个因素纳入补偿考核的问题,为跨界水污染补偿损益核算提供了一种更公平、科学和严谨的方法。选取渭河干流进行实例验证,采用基于断面污染物通量的成本处理法,以水质和水量资料为支撑,COD和NH_(3)-N为补偿因子,以市界断面水质是否超标为基准,计算出上游河道水体污染物对下游河道断面水质的贡献率,并结合水污染补偿标准进行水污染损益补偿核算,从而得到各个市区应该获得/承担的补偿量/赔偿量,界定和量化了利益相关方的水污染补偿责任,能更加客观合理地进行补偿。结果表明:补偿/赔偿支出基本能反映各行政区的水环境质量情况,能解决跨界水污染补偿难以落实的问题,为补偿金核算的应用提供借鉴和参考。Aiming at the problem of pollution caused by transboundary pollutants transferring from the upper reaches to the lower reaches of rivers,a quantitative compensation method and system framework for the impact of transboundary pollutants in rivers are proposed.In order to solve the problem that using the traditional compensation methods does not consider the factors of reverse compensation,river section flow or transboundary pollutants transfer,the paper provides a fairer,more scientific and more rigorous method for calculating the profit and loss of transboundary water pollution compensation.The main stream of Weihe River is selected for verification.The cost treatment method based on pollutant flux of section is supported by water quality and water quantity data.COD and NH_(3)-N are taken as compensation factors with the water quality standards of the city boundary sections used as benchmarks to calculate the contribution rates of the water quality of downstream river sections caused by the upstream water pollution.Combined with the water pollution compensation standard,the water pollution profit and loss compensation calculation are carried out so as to obtain the compensation amount that each area should gain/undertake,defining and quantifying the responsibilities of stakeholders more objective and more reasonable.The results show that the compensation can basically reflect the water environment quality of each administrative region.The method can promote the implementation of transboundary water pollution compensation,which provides a reference for the application of compensation calculation.

关 键 词：跨界 污染物 传递影响 量化补偿 损益核算 污染物通量 

分 类 号：TV122[水利工程—水文学及水资源]