宽体金线蛭作为药用水蛭基原的考证  

A textual research on Whitmania pigra Whitman as the origin of Hirudo

作　　者：何昶昊 陈晓莹 张晓萌 王磊[1] 胡素敏[1] HE Changhao;CHEN Xiaoying;ZHANG Xiaomeng;WANG Lei;HU Sumin(Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 102488,China)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学,北京102488

出　　处：《中国医药导报》2021年第24期112-115,共4页China Medical Herald

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(11675027、12075035);北京中医药大学校级科研纵向发展基金项目(2019-ZXFZJJ-009);北京中医药大学基本科研业务费项目重点攻关项目(2020-JYB-ZDGG-008)。

摘　　要：从1963年至今,宽体金线蛭作为《中华人民共和国药典》水蛭的基原之一,但随着动物分类学的发展以及动物学家对蛭类动物科属研究的深入,有学者对此提出质疑。通过查阅本草及博物学专著,吸血食性不是判断药用蛭类基原的唯一标准,宽体金线蛭满足了药用蛭类中“马蛭”的特点——生活在淡水环境,平均体长10 cm左右,体背面色黄褐,腹面黄色,背部有多条深色纵纹,体形呈纺锤形,背面稍高,腹面平坦。宽体金线蛭应为《本草经集注》中的“马蜞”,从南北朝时期有记载以来就是药用水蛭的基原之一;结合现代药理、药化研究成果及临床应用,宽体金线蛭科应作为药用水蛭的基原,不应被剔除。Since 1963,Whitmania pigra Whitman has been regarded as one of the basic elements of Hirudo in Chinese Pharmacopoeia.With the development of animal taxonomy and zoologists’in-depth study on the family and genus of hirudo,some researchers have questioned the use of Whitmania pigra Whitman as the origin.By consulting the monographs of materia medica and natural history,the blood sucking feeding habit is not the only standard to judge the basic source of medicinal leeches.Whitmania pigra Whitman meets the characteristics of“mazhi”among the medicinal leeches:living in a fresh water environment,with an average body length of about 10 cm,yellowish brown on the back,yellow on the belly,many dark longitudinal lines on the back,spindle shaped,slightly higher on the back and flat on the belly.Whitmania pigra Whitman should be the“maqi”in the notes to the collection of Bencao Jing Jizhu.It has been one of the basic sources of medicinal leeches since it is recorded in the northern and Southern Dynasties.Combined with modern pharmacology,medicinal and chemical research results and clinical application,Whitmania pigra Whitman family should be used as the basic source of medicinal leech and should not be eliminated.

关 键 词：水蛭 宽体金线蛭 基原 本草考证 药用动物 

分 类 号：R282[医药卫生—中药学]