刑事裁判思维形式化倾向的类型与风险防范  

Types and Risk Prevention of Criminal Judgment Thinking Formalization

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作  者:唐守东[1] TANG Shou-dong

机构地区:[1]天津市人民检察院第一分院,天津300101

出  处:《四川警察学院学报》2021年第4期33-40,共8页Journal of Sichuan Police College

摘  要:近年来,一些典型个案的裁判结果反映出了刑事裁判思维形式化的倾向。如何形成全新裁判方法,防范化解刑事审判风险,值得深入研究。在法哲学领域,拉德布鲁赫提出了"法的安定性优先,当与正义之间的矛盾不能容忍时,要向正义屈服"的辩证思考公式,其蕴含的"价值相对主义"哲学理念为破解此类谜题带来了启发。该公式映射到裁判思维之中,表现为:实证规范初步优先-机械适用导致冲突-价值判断结论初定-法律解释回溯证成-书面论证形成裁判。这一过程要求法官以法的安定性优先,置身伦理情境检视个案结论与主流价值是否冲突;若冲突达到"不能容忍"门槛,应通过价值判断方法形成初步结论;然后全面提取事实要素、寻找规范实质解释,进行诠释学意义的循环,直到结论正当性得到验证;最后回到三段论的逻辑,经过说理论证形成裁判文书。In recent years,the judgment results of some typical cases have reflected the tendency of formalized criminal judgment thinking.Forming a new adjudication method to prevent and resolve the risks of criminal trials is worthy of indepth study.In the field of legal philosophy,Radbruch puts forward a dialectical thinking formula,that is,the stability of law takes precedence,and when the contradiction with justice cannot be tolerated,we must surrender to justice,which brings inspiration for solving such puzzles with the philosophical concept of value relativism.This formula is mapped into the referee thinking.It is manifested as the process that empirical norms hold preliminary priority,mechanical applications leads to conflicts,value judgment conclusions are determined initially,legal interpretations are proved retrospectively,and written arguments form judgments.This process requires judges to prioritize the stability of the law and examine whether the case conclusion conflicts with the mainstream value in an ethical context.If the conflict reaches the threshold of intolerance,a preliminary conclusion should be formed through the value judgment method.And then the facts are extracted comprehensively,substantive interpretation of the norm is found,a cycle of hermeneutic meaning is carried out until the legitimacy of the conclusion is verified.Finally,back to the logic of syllogism,and a judgment document is formed after theoretical proof.

关 键 词:刑事裁判思维 类型化分析 风险防控 价值判断 

分 类 号:DF0-052[政治法律—法学理论]

 

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