CRISPR/Cas9技术在作物遗传育种中的应用进展  

Application Progress of CRISPR/Cas9 Technology in Crop Genetic Breeding

作　　者：焦耀磊 王春生 曲硕 孙珊珊[1] 朱婷婷 赵贺 王丕武[1] JIAO Yaolei;WANG Chunsheng;QU Shuo;SUN Shanshan;ZHU Tingting;ZHAO He;WANG Piwu(College of Agriculture,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;College of Horticulture,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学农学院,吉林长春130118 [2]吉林农业大学园艺学院,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2021年第7期1-7,共7页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31571689);国家转基因生物新品种培育重大专项(2016ZX08004-004)。

摘　　要：CRISPR/Cas9(Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISRP-associated nuclease 9)是继 ZFNs(Zinc finger nucleases)和TALENs(Transcription activator like effector nucleases)之后出现的新型基因组定点编辑技术,相较于前两代技术,具有简便、高效等特点。CRISPR/Cas9不仅是一种基础性研究工具,而且已经成为目前有用的分子育种工具之一,在作物遗传改良方面取得重要应用进展。综述了 CRISPR/Cas9系统的结构、分类、作用机制及在作物品质改良、产量提升、抗性育种和雄性不育材料选育中的应用进展,并探讨了其存在的问题,展望了其应用前景。CRISPR/Cas9(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISRP-associated nuclease 9)is a new type of genome-directed editing technology after ZFNs(zinc finger nucleases)and TALENs(transcription activator like effector nucleases).Compared with the previous two generations of technology,it has the characteristics of simplicity and high efficiency.CRISPR/Cas9 is not only a basic research tool,but also has become one of currently useful molecular breeding tools,and important progress has been made in crop genetic improvement・The structure,classification,action mechanism of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and its application progress in crop quality improvement,yield enhancement,resistance breeding and male sterile material selection were reviewed,its existing problems were discussed,and its application prospects were prospected.

关 键 词：CRISPR/Cas9 基因组编辑 gRNA 作物 遗传育种 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]