从应然权利到实然权利:文化权利的著作权法保障机制研究  

From Due Rights to Actual Rights:The Mechanism of Copyright Law in Protecting the Cultural Rights

作　　者：杨利华[1] Yang Lihua

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2021年第4期128-142,共15页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“我国公共文化服务机构的著作权问题及其对策研究”(18BTQ023)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：文化参与、文化分享与文化创新成果利益保护,是国际公约和我国宪法保护的应然文化权利。在文化权利从应然权利到实然权利的保障机制中,著作权法通过调整文化创新成果的创作、传播与利用关系,不仅使文化成果收益权经由著作权保护而得到切实保障,而且通过著作权保护条件、范围等制度设计,为公众文化参与、文化分享权利提供资源保障与行为指引,从而使宪法上应然的文化权利得到具体的部门法保障。著作权法对文化权利的保障机制主要体现在以下方面:其激励作品创作与传播的功能、机制,为个人文化参与和文化分享权利的实现提供内容保障;其作品市场化传播的利益实现机制,为公众文化知识的接触、分享和利用提供现实可能;其合理使用等著作权限制制度,为公众可以自由利用的文化空间提供保障;著作权法对作者和其他著作权人就其作品著作权充分而有效的保护,是公众文化收益权的直接保障机制,是著作权法促进文化权利实现的关键。Cultural rights are protected by international conventions and China’s constitution,including the rights to participate in cultural activities,to sharing cultural knowledge and to enjoying the benefits from cultural innovation.However,the enforcement of such rights is through the mechanism of copyright law,which regulates the interest relations in the whole process of the creation,dissemination and use of works.The copyright law not only protects the interest and benefits from the creation of works,but also provides the protection and guide for the public to share the cultural resources and participate in the cultural activities by designing a system that prescribes the conditions and scopes for copyright protection.The mechanism of copyright law in protecting cultural rights primarily functions in the following three respects:Firstly,it encourages the creation and dissemination of works,and thus guarantees the contents or activities to be shared or joined in by individuals;Secondly,it supports fulfilling the interests through the circulation of the works in the market,and thus makes it possible for the public to have access to,share and use cultural products;Thirdly,it sets reasonable limits for the excise of copyright,and thus guarantees the cultural space of the public domain that the general public can freely enjoy.To sum up,the adequate and effective protection of authors and other copyright owners by copyright law directly guarantees the public their right to cultural benefits,and is the key to protecting cultural rights.

关 键 词：著作权法 文化权利 文化参与权 文化分享权 著作权 

分 类 号：D923.41[政治法律—民商法学]