北京市某区中小学校饮水水质风险调查研究  

Investigation and study on drinking water pollution risk of primary and middle school in a district of Beijing

作　　者：敬燕燕[1] 张来颖[1] 武鑫 韩凤超 张新宇 信振江[1] JING Yan-yan;ZHANG Lai-ying;WU Xin;HAN Feng-chao;ZHANG Xin-yu;XIN Zhen-jiang(Environmental Hygiene Department,Fengtai District Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Beijing,Beijing 100070,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市丰台区疾病预防控制中心环境卫生科,北京100070

出　　处：《中国卫生工程学》2021年第4期538-541,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health Engineering

基　　金：北京市丰台区卫生计生系统立项科研项目(2018-76)。

摘　　要：目的了解北京市某区中小学校饮水设备及管理情况,采集水样进行水质检测,分析可能存在的水质风险,为某区学校饮水卫生监管提供科学依据。方法选择北京市某区配置饮水设备的中小学校为调查对象,按饮水设备类型不同进行分层抽取学校进行调查,同时采集水样检测总大肠菌群、菌落总数和硝酸盐氮3个指标。对调查和检测数据进行分析。结果北京市某区115所中小学中有108所学校使用饮水设备。其中,使用温开水机占90.74%(98/108),使用桶装饮水机占9.26%(10/108)。使用饮水设备的学校中,水源以市政自来水为主,占83.33%(90/108)。共采集58所学校的116件水样,总大肠菌群、菌落总数和硝酸盐氮3个单项指标合格率分别为99.14%(115/116)、94.83%(110/116)和94.83%(110/116)。3个单项指标在设备前、后水样合格率之间的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。总大肠菌群和菌落总数的最大值在设备后均有增加,总大肠菌群增高109.1倍,菌落总数增高20.9倍;水中硝酸盐氮的最大值在设备后低于设备前,最大值由38.40 mg/L减少为22.80 mg/L,降低0.59倍。以市政自来水和自备井水为水源的温开水机水质合格率分别为94.79%(91/96)和50.00%(5/10),两者间差异具有统计学意义(χ2=59.411,P<0.001)。结论北京市某区中小学校以自备井水为水源是饮水卫生风险因素,饮水设备可以降低硝酸盐氮污染程度,但同时存在饮水设备后微生物污染加重的情况。建议学校加强饮水卫生管理,推进水源切换,自备井水更换为市政水,并定期消毒饮水设备,每学期更换滤料;多举措防控师生饮水卫生风险。Objective To understand the drinking water equipment and hygiene management of primary and secondary schools in a district of Beijing,so as to further understand the drinking water sanitation status of primary and secondary schools in a district,and analyze the possible health risks.To provide data support for school drinking water hygiene supervision in a district.Methods The primary and secondary schools with drinking water equipment in a district of Beijing were investigated,and schools were selected according to the type of drinking water equipment to monitor the water quality,at the same time,water samples were collected to detect the total coliform group,total number of colonies and nitrate nitrogen.Descriptive analysis of survey data and test data was conducted.Results 108 primary and secondary schools in a district use drinking water equipment,the use of warm boiled water machine accounted for 90.74%(98/108),the use of bottled water dispensers accounted for 9.26%(10/108)among them.The main school drinking water source was municipal tap water(83.33%,90/108).A total of 116 pieces of drinking water quality were monitored in 58 schools,the pass rates of the total coliform,total colonies and nitrate nitrogen in drinking water were 99.14%(115/116),94.83%(110/116)and 94.83%(110/116),respectively.There was no significant difference between the pass rate of water quality before and after drinking water equipment(P>0.05).The maximum values of total coliform and total colonies increased after the equipment,the total coliform increased 109.1 times,and the total colonies increased 20.9 times.The maximum value of nitrate nitrogen in water behind the equipment was lower than that before the equipment,the maximum value decreased from 38.40 mg/L to 22.80 mg/L,decreased by 0.59 times.The pass rate of temperature-boiled water machines with municipal tap water and self-sufficient well water as their source of water were 94.79%(91/96)and 50.00%(5/10)respectively,there was significant difference between them(χ2=59.411,P<0.001

关 键 词：学校饮水 饮水设备 饮水污染 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]