残疾与相对贫困:基于额外成本的研究  

Disability and Relative Poverty:A Research Based on the Extra Costs of Disability

作　　者：廖娟[1] 黄金玲 LIAO Juan;HUANG Jin-ling(School of Management,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China;Business School,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学管理学院,北京100048 [2]北京师范大学经济与工商管理学院,北京100875

出　　处：《人口与发展》2021年第4期101-110,120,共11页Population and Development

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“农村残疾人贫困测量、精准脱贫和反贫困策略研究”(17YJAZH051);国家社科基金重大项目“中国经济下行阶段就业结构调整与防范失业战略研究”(16ZDA026)。

摘　　要：与非残疾人家庭相比,残疾人家庭因为残疾导致的额外花费更多,如医疗、教育、交通等费用。如果不考虑这些额外成本,会高估残疾人的生活水平,低估残疾人的贫困状况,尤其是相对贫困状况。利用2018年中国家庭收入调查数据(CHIP)采用生活水平法(Standard of Living)对我国残疾人家庭的额外成本进行估算,并在此基础上测量残疾人家庭的贫困状况。结果发现:残疾人家庭的额外成本占家庭收入比例的30%以上;调整额外成本后,残疾人家庭的绝对贫困发生率和相对贫困发生率都较调整前有所提高,且后者增幅更甚,农村残疾人家庭的相对贫困发生率尤为严重;目前我国的社会保障水平不足以覆盖残疾的额外成本。鉴于此,政府应提供更多残疾相关的商品和服务,并扩大残疾人享受医疗等相关服务的减免和补贴范围,以减少其与残疾相关的支出,降低残疾人家庭相对贫困发生的概率。Compared with households without people with disabilities,households with people with disabilities have the extra costs of disabilities,such as medical care,education,transportation and other expenses.If the extra costs are not taken into account,disabled people's living standard will be overestimated and their poverty especially relative poverty will be underestimated.Using the survey data of Chinese Household Income Project(CHIP)in 2018,we address the relationship between the extra costs of disability by the Standard of Living approach and relative poverty in China.The results show that extra costs of disability account for at least 30%of household income.After taking into account the additional costs,the incidence of both absolute and relative poverty among households with disabled persons has increased,and the latter has increased even more,with the incidence of relative poverty among rural households with disabled members being particularly severe.Moreover,the subsidies from social security system are not enough to cover the extra costs of disability at present.We suggest that the government should provide more disability-related goods and services,and expand the scope of exemptions and subsidies for disabled people’s access to medical care and other related services,so as to reduce disability-related expenditures and the probability of relative poverty among households with people with disabilities.

关 键 词：残疾 额外成本 生活水平法 相对贫困 

分 类 号：C913.69[经济管理]