三种典型船舶螺旋桨用铜合金的空蚀行为对比研究  

A Comparative Assessment on Cavitation Erosion Behavior of Typical Copper Alloys Used for Ship Propeller

作　　者：佟瑶[1,2] 宋亓宁 李慧琳 许楠 包晔峰 张根元[2] 赵立娟[2] TONG Yao;SONG Qining;LI Huilin;XU Nan;BAO Yefeng;ZHANG Genyuan;ZHAO Lijuan(Engineering Research Center of Dredging Technology of Education,Hohai University,Changzhou 213022,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Hohai University,Changzhou 213022,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学疏浚技术教育部工程研究中心,常州213022 [2]河海大学机电工程学院,常州213022

出　　处：《中国腐蚀与防护学报》2021年第5期639-645,共7页Journal of Chinese Society For Corrosion and Protection

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项(B210202129,B200204036,B210203049);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20191161);国家自然科学基金(51601058,51879089)。

摘　　要：采用超声振动空蚀设备、电化学工作站对锰黄铜、高锰铝青铜、镍铝青铜的空蚀失重规律、空蚀中的电化学过程、腐蚀-空蚀交互作用进行了测试分析,并采用扫描电镜对空蚀损伤形貌进行观察。结果表明,耐空蚀性能由高到低为:镍铝青铜、高锰铝青铜、锰黄铜。空蚀初期,镍铝青铜、高锰铝青铜的α相发生塑性变形,裂纹在α/κ相界处萌生。高锰铝青铜中β基体相发生解理开裂。锰黄铜α基体相发生严重塑性变形,空蚀损伤严重。空蚀使锰黄铜和高锰铝青铜的腐蚀电位正移,镍铝青铜的腐蚀电位发生负移,3种材料的腐蚀电流密度均提高了一个数量级。3种材料均是以力学损伤为主导的空蚀损伤机制,交互作用主要是由腐蚀促进空蚀所引起。The cavitation corrosion behavior of three typical copper alloys for making marine propeller,namely manganese-brass(Mn-brass),manganese-aluminum-bronze(MAB)and nickel-aluminum-bronze(NAB)in 3.5%NaCl solution were comparatively assessed.The cavitation erosion mass loss,electrochemical process,the synergy between cavitation erosion and corrosion,and the morphology of the eroded surface were characterized.The results showed that the cavitation erosion resistance of the three alloys may be ranked as flows:NAB>MAB>Mn-brass.After cavitation erosion for 5 h,the mass loss of Mn-brass was 3.07 and 4.06 times that of MAB and NAB,respectively.Under the action of cavitation erosion,theαphase of NAB and MAB underwent plastic deformation,meanwhile cracks first emerged at boundaries ofα/κphase.In addition,cleavage fracture occurred in theβmatrix in MAB.However,for Mn-brass,severe plastic deformation and cleavage fracture cracking occurred in theαmatrix,and the cavitation damage was much more serious.The electrochemical results showed that under the action of cavitation erosion the free corrosion potential of Mn-brass and MAB shifted to a more positively value,in the contrary,a negative value for NAB.Due to the action of cavitation erosion,the free corrosion current density increased by an order of magnitude for the three copper alloys.The assessment of cavitation erosion-corrosion synergy revealed that the cavitation erosion mechanism of the three materials was dominated by mechanical damage.The synergistic interaction of cavitation erosion-corrosion was mainly caused by cavitation erosion promoted by corrosion.

关 键 词：螺旋桨 铜合金 空蚀 交互作用 

分 类 号：TG174[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]