国内外节肢动物实验室生物安全概况及其启示  

Worldwide developmental situation of arthropod containment and its inspiration

作　　者：夏菡[1,2] 韩谦 袁志明[1,2] XIA Han;HAN Qian;YUAN Zhi-ming(Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety,Wuhan Institute of Virology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan,Hubei 430071,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;One Health Institute,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院武汉病毒研究所,湖北武汉430071 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]海南大学全健康研究院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2021年第8期804-808,共5页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(No.2018ZX10711001-006);海南省重点研发计划项目(No.ZDYF2019073);武汉市科技计划项目(No.2018-201261638501);热带转化医学教育部重点实验室开放课题(No.2021TTM010)。

摘　　要：登革热、黄热病和疟疾等虫媒传染病(arthropod-borne diseases)给全球公共卫生带来沉重的负担。节肢动物(arthropods)是这一类传染病的传播媒介,对疾病的暴发与流行起关键作用。为了有效防控虫媒传染病,需要了解其传播机制和流行规律,因此在实验室开展节肢动物媒介与病原体和宿主的相互作用研究尤为重要。在研究节肢动物媒介的过程中最大的风险是其意外逃逸造成的病原体释放和传播,因此需要建立完善的生物安全防护措施和规范以确保科学研究和操作的安全性。本文阐述了代表性国家和地区节肢动物实验室生物安全的发展历史、现状与建设运行的指南或规范,并针对当前我国节肢动物实验室生物安全的现状,提出存在的问题、思考和建议,以推动我国节肢动物实验室生物安全的发展,保障国家生物安全。Arthropod-borne diseases such as dengue,yellow fever,and malaria cause heavy burdens to public health worldwide.Arthropods are the transmission vectors of arthropod-borne diseases,which play a critical role in the outbreak and epidemic of the disease.In order to effectively prevent and control arthropod-borne diseases,it is necessary to understand the mechanism and pattern of disease transmission and epidemic.Therefore,it is particularly important to carry out research on arthropod vectors and the interaction among their related pathogens and hosts in the laboratory.In the process of studying arthropod vectors,the biggest risk is the release and spread of pathogens caused by the accidental escape of arthropods.Well-established containment measures and regulations are the essential prerequisites for safe work and manipulation in scientific studies of arthropods.The history and developmental status of arthropod containment in different representative countries and regions in the world have been summarized herein including the containment levels,construction,and operation of insectary facilities.In addition,the existing problems,thoughts,and suggestions have been discussed,which are intended to improve the development of arthropod containment,and further to ensure the national biosafety of China.

关 键 词：虫媒传染病 节肢动物 实验室生物安全 

分 类 号：R183.5[医药卫生—流行病学]