新疆玉米有害生物发生、施药现状及减药对策分析  

Situation of Pest Occurrence,Pesticide Usage in Xinjiang Maize Production and Strategies for the Reduction in Pesticide Application

作　　者：王志慧 贾尊尊 付开赟 王小武 吐尔逊·阿合买提[2] 何江[2] 丁新华[2] 郭文超[3] WANG Zhi-hui;JIA Zun-zun;FU Kai-yun;WANG Xiao-wu;Tursun·Ahmat;HE Jiang;DING Xin-hua;GUO Wen-chao(College of Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052;Research Institute of Plant Protection,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Harmful Crop Vermin of China North-western Oasis,Ministry of Agriculture,P.R.China,Urumqi 830091;Institute of Microorganism Application in Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《玉米科学》2021年第4期97-103,共7页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“北方玉米化肥农药减施技术集成研究与示范”(2017YFD0201800);国家自然科学基金项目“新疆同域亚洲玉米螟和欧洲玉米螟种间竞争取代的种群分化与环境驱动机制”(31960538)。

摘　　要：通过问卷调查、走访种植大户及田间实地调查等方式,对新疆玉米主产区玉米有害生物发生与用药情况进行系统调查,明确新疆玉米有害生物发生种类、农药使用水平,分析存在问题并提出相应减药对策,从而为新疆玉米有害生物的科学防控及化学农药增效提供指导。结果表明,新疆玉米主要病害6种、害虫36种、杂草38种,主要以“6虫6草”为主。玉米有害生物防治常用农药共26类,其中杀虫剂14类,主要为拟除虫菊酯类、新烟碱类及生物源类;除草剂12类,主要为三氮苯类、磺酰脲类及酰胺。农药使用频次为2~6次/年,制剂施用量为1.938~6.193 kg/hm^(2),其中,昌吉州农药使用频次和制剂施用量最高,分别为5~6次/年、4.033~6.193 kg/hm^(2);喀什地区农药使用频次和制剂施用量最低,分别为2~3次/年、1.938~3.356 kg/hm^(2)。Present situation of the incidence of pests and pesticide application on maize production was investigated in Xinjiang,by questionnaire and field investigation of maize.The objectives of this study would clear and definite maize pest species in Xinjiang,pesticide use level,and analysis of pesticide application risk issues and reduction measures,provide the scientific basis for the control maize pests and chemical pesticides reduction of efficiency.The results showed that there were 80 kinds of maize pests in Xinjiang,including 6 diseases,36 insect pests and 38 weeds,mainly including 6 insects and 6 weeds.There were 26 kinds of common pesticides,which contained 14 types of pesticides,mainly pyrethroids,neonicotinoids and biological sources,and 12 types of herbicides,mainly triazines,sulfonylureas and amides.The frequency of pesticide application was 2-6 times/year,and the application amount of was 1.938-6.193 kg/ha,among which Changji had the highest application frequency and application amount of pesticides,which were 5-6 times/year and 4.033-6.193 kg/ha.Kashgar area had the lowest application frequency and application amount of pesticides,which were 2-3 times/year and 1.938-3.356 kg/ha.

关 键 词：玉米 有害生物 农药使用 减药对策 新疆 

分 类 号：S435.131[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]