东北中西部地区玉米田农药使用现状与分析  

Current Situation and Analysis of Pesticides Used for Corn Pest Control in the Middle West Area of Northeast China

作　　者：常雪[1] 刘文哲 王义生[1] 杜磊 王凤乐[3] 王大川[4] 任文艺[4] 白全江 黄俊霞 张国红[1] 丁岩[1] 赵东芳[4] 杨丽莉[4] 高月波[1] CHANG Xue;LIU Wen-zhe;WANG Yi-sheng;DU Lei;WANG Feng-le;WANG Da-chuan;REN Wen-yi;BAI Quan-jiang;HUANG Jun-xian;ZHANG Guo-hong;DING Yan;ZHAO Dong-fang;YANG Li-li;GAO Yue-bo(Northeast Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Gongzhuling 136100;Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural&Animal Husbandry Sciences,Huhehaote 010031;National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center,Beijing 100125;Agricultural Technical Advice Central Station of Jilin Province,Changchun 130021;Inner Mongolia Animal Husbandry&Plant Protection Station,Huhehaote 010010,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院/东北作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,吉林公主岭136100 [2]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,呼和浩特010031 [3]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100125 [4]吉林省农业技术推广总站,长春130021 [5]内蒙古自治区农牧业植保植检站,呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《玉米科学》2021年第4期104-109,共6页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“北方玉米化学农药减施技术集成研究与示范”(YFD20170201800)。

摘　　要：2015~2018年对东北中西部春玉米区玉米病虫草害防治用药情况进行调查。结果表明,该区域玉米田化学农药的使用量占农药总使用量的99%以上。吉林省玉米田农药年均用量为3216.45 g a.i./hm^(2),内蒙玉米田化学农药年均用量为1133.44 g a.i./hm^(2)。各类化学农药按照使用量排序依次为除草剂>杀虫剂>杀菌剂,除草剂使用量占农药总用量的75%以上。苗后除草剂用量显著低于苗前除草剂用量,选择苗后除草的农户比例和应用面积逐年增加,各类苗后除草剂存在不同程度的超量应用现象。提出通过以草优化配方,减少长残留除草剂用量、明确苗后施药关键时期、升级施药器械、开展技术培训等措施、结合病虫害绿色防控技术,集成农药减施综合技术模式。The pesticide usage was investigated from 2015 to 2018 in the middle west area of Northeast China.The results showed that chemical pesticides accounted for more than 99%of the total pesticides used.The pesticide dosages applied were 3216.45 g a.i./ha in Jilin and 1133.44 g a.i./ha in the Inner Mongolia Herbicide accounted for more than 75%of the total pesticide.The dosage of post emergence herbicide was significantly lower than that of pre-emergence herbicide.However,there was still excessive herbicide application in planting seasons.Therefore,the following techniques should be improved/developed,screening and selecting multi-formula of herbicides based on the weed profiles in this region,especially using safety herbicides instead of long residual herbicides like atrazine;Determining and definite the suitable application time for post emergence herbicide application;Upgrade the sprayers.Together with corn disease and insecticide control with biological and ecological tactics,it is expected to establish an integrated management system for corn pest control with reduced use of chemical pesticides.

关 键 词：玉米 农药 使用现状 东北中西部 

分 类 号：S435.131[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]