新疆塔城地区滴灌玉米施肥现状与减施对策  

Fertilization Status and Countermeasures to Reduce Fertilizer Input for Drip-Irrigated Maize in Tacheng Region,Xinjiang

作　　者：张皓禹 孟超然 白如霄 赵海蓓 吕小凡[2] 危常州[2] 张新疆[2] ZHANG Hao-yu;MENG Chao-ran;BAI Ru-xiao;ZHAO Hai-bei;Lü Xiao-fan;WEI Chang-zhou;ZHANG Xin-jiang(Shengli College,China University of Petroleum,Dongying 257061;Agronomy College,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003;Agricultural Research Institute,9th Division,Xinjiang Construction Corps,Xinjiang 834601,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学胜利学院,山东东营257061 [2]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832003 [3]新疆生产建设兵团第九师农业科学研究所,新疆额敏834601

出　　处：《玉米科学》2021年第4期136-143,共8页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201808)。

摘　　要：对新疆塔城地区滴灌玉米生产施肥现状进行3年的农户调研,分析玉米施肥中存在的主要问题,提出相应解决途径。调研结果表明,化肥平均施用量为N 378 kg/hm^(2),P2O5189 kg/hm^(2),K_(2)O_(5)6 kg/hm^(2),氮磷投入明显高于全国平均水平;氮肥偏生产力44.2 kg/kg,低于全国平均水平;磷肥基施农户平均占比54.0%,滴灌水肥一体化的优势没有充分发挥。存在肥料种类单一、有机肥施用比例低等问题。建议采用水肥一体化和水溶肥、降低磷肥作基肥比例、降低氮磷比、提高有机肥施肥比例等措施,进一步提高玉米产量和肥料效率。Fertilization status in maize production in Tacheng region of Xinjiang was surveyed for 3 years.The main problems in maize fertilization were revealed and the possible solutions to the problem were proposed.It was found that the average chemical fertilizer input for N,P_(2)O_(5),K_(2)O was 378,189 and 56 kg/ha,respectively.The input of N and Pwas obviously higher than the national average.The average partial factor productivity(PFP)for N in this area was 44.2 kg/kg,which was lower than the national average.About 54%of the farmers applied P fertilizer as basal application before planting,indicated that the advantage of drip irrigation is not fully exploited.Also,few types of fertilizers were used,and the use of organic fertilizer was overlooked.It is suggested that farmers should be guided to convert from furrow/broadcast fertilization to fertigation gradually.The water-soluble fertilizers should be used to match drip irrigation system,reduce the proportion of P fertilizer as base fertilizer,reduce the N/P ratio,and increase the proportion of organic fertilizer,so as to further improve fertilizer utilization efficiency and maize yield in Tacheng.

关 键 词：玉米 农户调研 施肥 化肥减量 对策 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]