政治发展理论:源起、体系及其在世界百年大变局中的研究拓深  

Political Development Theory: Origin, System and Its Development in the Era of Epochal Global Changes

作　　者：周长鲜 Zhou Changxian(School of Politics and International Studies,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学政治与国际关系学院政治发展研究中心

出　　处：《经济社会体制比较》2021年第4期182-191,共10页Comparative Economic & Social Systems

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资助项目“‘人大制度学’的起源与研究现状及其理论体系研究”(项目编号:2020JBKYZY019)。

摘　　要：在世界百年未有之大变局的关键时期,为了在国际层面讨论与建构共识,有必要对政治发展理论的研究内容、理论谱系及其面临的挑战进行全面分析。为了解释二战后新兴民族国家经济起飞、政治转轨和社会转型等问题,政治发展理论从一开始就在研究内容上具有鲜明的实用导向性,并随着历史演进而形成了相对庞大的理论体系。但由于中外学界关于其理论范畴存在多种争议,该理论日趋成为一项极具挑战的研究领域。文章通过对世界主要资本主义国家和发展中国家政治发展实践的系统考察,将政治发展的理论体系归结为由现代化理论、依附理论、世界体系理论及全球化理论所组成的理论体系。当然,该体系仍需不断发展。尤其是在世界百年未有之大变局的特殊历史时期,随着全球化风险格局发生演变,原有理论暴露出研究模式单一、范畴界定过于狭窄、方法论和经验研究不足等问题。对此,要进一步提升政治发展的理念、健全中层支撑理论,要完善"多层治理"之间的平衡机制,并结合中国特色政治发展道路的有益探索及其伟大实践,促进人类政治文明的全面可持续发展。In this critical period of unprecedented changes in the world, to discuss and build consensus at the international level, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive analysis of political development theory. Since its very beginning, faced with issues of how to achieve economic, political transition and social transformation in emerging new nations after WWII, the theory of political development is embodied with the nature of practical guidance. However, it has become a challenging field because of controversies between scholars. Based on the systematic investigation of its practice in the world, the theoretical system of political development is summarized as a theoretical system composed of modernization theory, dependency theory, world system theory and globalization theory. Of course, the system itself is under constant development. As the risk pattern associated with globalization is changing, especially during a historical period which faces epochal global changes. This, in turn, has exposed deficiencies in the original theory and research model, narrow definitions of categories, and shortcomings in methodology as well as empirical research. To make improvements, it not only needs to further enhance its ideological system and promote its middle support theories, bit also needs to balance the needs of multilevel governance mechanism, and eventually, based on the theory of political development with Chinese characteristics and its great practice, to further promote the comprehensive and sustainable development of a system of human political civilization.

关 键 词：政治发展理论 世界百年未有之大变局 人类命运共同体 中国特色政治发展理论 

分 类 号：D07[政治法律—政治学]