电子商务环境下的存储策略优化研究:固定存储还是分类随机存储  

A Study on Storage Policy Optimization:Dedicated Storage vs Class-Based Random Storage

作　　者：李建斌[1] 蒙铭友 戴宾[2] LI Jian-bin;MENG Ming-you;DAI Bin(School of Management,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China;School of Economics and Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学管理学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]武汉大学经济与管理学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《中国管理科学》2021年第8期67-80,共14页Chinese Journal of Management Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(72071085,71831007,71671133,91746206)。

摘　　要：库位推荐与拣货过程效率的提升是降低仓库运营成本的两个重要方面。而仓库的存储策略会对仓库运营总成本产生重要影响。本文首先在分类随机存储策略与固定存储策略下构建了库位推荐与拣货路径联合优化的混合整数规划模型;其次,基于快销品行业、医药行业和图书行业下的订单结构特点,采用修正的差分进化算法对两种存储策略进行了对比分析。结论表明:存储策略的优劣不仅与订单结构有关,同时也与单位存储成本与单位拣货成本的比重有关。当比重不高于0.25时,三种行业均是固定存储策略的总成本更低;(2)当比重介于0.25和0.26之间时,快销品行业和医药行业均是固定存储策略的总成本更低,而图书行业下是分类随机存储的成本更低;(3)当比重介于0.26和0.27之间时,快销品行业下是固定存储策略的总成本更低,而图书和医药行业下是分类随机存储的总成本更低。(4)当比重不低于0.27时,三种行业下均是分类随机存储策略的总成本更低。本文可以为不同行业下的仓库存储策略的选择提供一定的参考价值。The storage location recommendation process and the order picking are the two important aspects of reducing warehouse operation cost.The recommendation process employs the storage policy to allocate the incoming products in the warehouse to specific storage locations,which strategically determines the ordering picking efficiency and the cost of warehouse operations to some extent,and at the same time determines the efficiency of the warehouse operations directly responding to the demand quickly and efficiently.However,based on our investigation in practice,it is found that ecommerce selling different goods usually have different order structure,and usually use different storage policies,like the Class-based random storage and dedicated storage policy that are widely used.Therefore,this motivates us to investigate the operation efficiency of different industries under the Class-Based random storage and dedicated storage policy.In our paper,the comparison of warehouse operation efficiency in a planar warehouse under the Class-Based random storage and dedicated storage strategy is considered,namely,the comparison of the total cost of location recommend process and the picking process in the industries of the fast-selling goods industry,the book industry and the pharmaceutical industry.A mathematical model based on the location recommend process and the picking process is built.And the Class-Based random storage and the dedicated storage strategy under the same warehouse background are analyzed.Based on the characteristics of the order structure under the fast-selling goods industry,the book industry and the pharmaceutical industry,three typical enterprises under their respective industries are selected for analysis.Their order structure of the three industries is 9-12 items,2-3 items and 1-2 items.According to the order structure obtained from the actual investigation and the actual sales volume of goods,the order generation is simulated.Then a reasonable simulation of the order structure based on the warehouse oper

关 键 词：分类随机存储 固定存储 订单结构 离散差分进化算法 

分 类 号：C934[经济管理—管理学]