黎语方言分区的理论依据和语言条件  

Theoretical Basis and Linguistic Conditions of Li Dialect Division

作　　者：王彩 WANG Cai(Minnan Cultural Research Institute,Minnan Normal University,Zhangzhou Fujian 363000,China;School of Humanities and Social Science,Sanya Hainan 572022,China)

机构地区：[1]海南热带海洋学院人文社会科学学院,海南三亚572022 [2]闽南师范大学闽南文化研究院,福建漳州363000

出　　处：《海南热带海洋学院学报》2021年第4期44-53,共10页Journal of Hainan Tropical Ocean University

摘　　要：传统认为海南岛黎族有5个支系,人们因此习惯认为黎族有5个方言。有的学者提出黎语应分2个方言,有的学者则提出黎语应分6个方言,观点未能统一。黎语方言的分区,既要抓住区别性特征,又要考虑一致性特点,既要重视单一标准的运用,又要综合运用多项标准。比较而言,语音特征是黎语方言分区中最重要的特征。与此同时,词汇特征的分区价值也不容忽视,这些词汇特征在更广泛的一致性上可以增强对比的量度和灵活度。语法特征由于数据总量少,语料较为零散,可资依托的条件有限,可以当作分区中的参考标准。综合而言,黎族语言可以划分为5个方言,即哈方言、杞方言、美孚方言、润方言和赛方言。这样,黎语的语言分区与黎族的支系划分在地理分布上取得了高度的一致,与通行于学界的黎语5个方言的观点相吻合。Traditionally,it is believed that the Li ethnic group in Hainan Island consists of five branches,so people tend to think that the Li ethnic group has 5 dialects.Some scholars propose that the Li language should be divided into two dialects,and some propose six dialects.They hold different views.In the division of Li dialect,we should not only grasp the distinctive characteristics,but also consider the consistent characteristics.We should not only pay attention to the application of a single standard,but also pay attention to the application of multiple standards in a comprehensive way.Comparatively speaking,phonetic features are the most important features in the division of Li dialect.At the same time,the value of lexical features cannot be ignored.It can enhance the measurement and flexibility of contrast in a broader consistency.Due to the small amount of data,scattered corpus and limited conditions,the grammatical features can be used as a reference standard.Generally speaking,Li language can be divided into five dialects,namely Ha dialect,Qi dialect,Meifu dialect,Run dialect and Sai dialect.In this way,linguistic division of the Li language is highly consistent with the division of branches of Li ethnic group in geographical distribution,which is consistent with the viewpoints of the five Li dialects that are popular in academic circles.

关 键 词：黎语 方言 分区 语言条件 

分 类 号：H281[语言文字—少数民族语言]