基于实测数据的挖掘机工作装置疲劳寿命评估  

Fatigue Analysis of Hydraulic Excavator Working Device Based on Experiment Data

作　　者：曹蕾蕾[1] 郭城臣 王严 丁新 宋绪丁[1] CAO Leilei;GUO Chengchen;WANG Yan;DING Xin;SONG Xuding(Key Laboratory of Road Construction Technology and Equipment of the Ministry of Education,Chang an University,Xi’an 710064,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学道路施工技术与装备教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710064

出　　处：《华南理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第8期122-128,139,共8页Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAF07B02);陕西省自然科学基金资助项目(2018JM5108);长安大学研究生科研实践项目(300103703039)。

摘　　要：针对挖掘机工作装置疲劳评估中真实载荷难以获取的问题,本研究提出一种多工况实测载荷驱动和刚柔耦合模型相结合的疲劳寿命评估方法。以挖掘机工作装置为研究对象,利用压力和位移传感器分别测得其在不同工况下的油缸压力和伸缩量,建立力学平衡方程计算出斗尖载荷。以斗尖实际载荷数据作为驱动,在ADAMS中进行刚柔耦合虚拟样机仿真,得到工作装置各铰点力并按比例合成多工况下铰点力-时间历程,应用nCode软件对挖掘机动臂、斗杆进行疲劳寿命分析,并将分析结果与疲劳台架试验结果进行对比。结果表明,疲劳破坏位置和寿命均与台架试验具有良好的一致性,可为挖掘机工作装置抗疲劳设计提供依据。Aiming at the problem that the real working load is difficult to obtain in the fatigue analysis of hydraulic excavator working device,a method based on the measuring data and rigid-flexible coupling model was proposed to evaluate the fatigue life of working device.Taking a 21-ton excavator working device as the research object,the actual working pressures and displacements were measured by the pressure and displacement sensors during the digging process for different working mediums.Next,the excavating resistance on the bucket tip was calculated by the mechanical equilibrium equation.The forces of each hinge point was obtained by the rigid-flexible coupling virtual prototype simulation in ADAMS,then the real load-time history of hinge points for multi-working conditions was composed acoording to the proportion of the working mediums.Finally,the fatigue analysis for the boom and bucket rod were conducted in nCode,and the results were compared with that of the fatigue bench test.The results show that there is a good agreement between them.The method proposed in this paper can provide basis for anti-fatigue design of hydraulic excavator working device.

关 键 词：挖掘机 工作装置 疲劳寿命 刚柔耦合 动力学仿真 多工况 

分 类 号：TU621[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]