北周隋唐王朝禅代研究——以禅让文书为中心  

A Study of Abdication Model of the Northern Zhou, Sui and Tang Dynasties—— Focusing on Documents of Abdication

作　　者：任晔 REN Ye(School of History,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院,北京100872

出　　处：《洛阳理工学院学报（社会科学版）》2021年第4期75-83,共9页Journal of Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology：Social Science Edition

摘　　要：曹丕代汉开创了一套授受九锡、逼主禅让的王朝禅代模式,因其行之有效且深入人心,在其后七八百年间被不断复制及实践。周隋禅代、隋唐禅代,皆效仿曹魏代汉模式:先制作九锡文,使权臣得以建立独立于中央之外的藩国,迈出“去臣化”的关键一步;再制作禅让文书,描绘出前朝气数已尽的必然结果,宣示受禅者应天受命的理所当然;同时辅以一系列政治运作,如炮制符命图谶、营造朝野舆论、制定仪式仪轨、议定禅让事项等,为王朝禅代起到辨别敌我、炮制舆论的效果。这一系列禅代程序并非单纯的表面文章,而是伴随着权力向受禅者阵营的逐渐过渡,有利于新王朝的稳定建立。CAO Pi created a model of giving and accepting Jiuxi(nine bestowments)and forcing the emperor to abdicate in the Han Dynasty,a system which was so effective that it deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and was continuously copied and practiced in the following 700 years.The replacement of the Zhou with Sui dynasty and the Sui with Tang Dynasty followed the pattern of how Wei Dynasty replaced the Han Dynasty:First of all,the Jiuxi script was made to enable the powerful ministers to establish a vassal state independent of the central regime,thus taking a key step of"decommissioning";then,an abdication document was produced,depicting the decline of the previous dynasty and declaring that the power of the new emperor came from heaven.At the same time,a series of relevant political operations needed to assist,such as preparing a book of prophecy,making public opinion between the monarchy and the public,formulating rituals and ceremonies,deciding abdication agendas,etc.,so as to distinguish the adversary and own selves and invent the effect of public opinion.This series of procedures are not just assuming writing,but with the gradual transition of power to the new emperor′s officials,which is conducive to the stable establishment of the new dynasty.

关 键 词：禅让文书 九锡文 政治运作 符命 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]