被冤枉的海蒂?——《亚当·比德》的女性主义思考  

Has Hetty Been Wronged? A Feminist Reading of Adam Bede

作　　者：周颖[1] Zhou Ying(Institute of Foreign Literature,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院外国文学研究所英美室,北京100732

出　　处：《外国文学》2021年第4期119-130,共12页Foreign Literature

摘　　要：如何解读《亚当·比德》中的海蒂,历来众说纷纭。为海蒂喊冤,乃英美评论界的主流声音,甚至有论者视她为"逾矩破规"者。文章通过分析乔治·爱略特时代风行于中等阶层和底层社会的完美太太理念,并从女性主义的视角切入考察美的观念,思考海蒂如何陷入自恋深渊,造成了对他人、对真实世界的排斥。无情或缺乏感受,是酿成海蒂悲剧的一个主观原因。爱略特有鲜明的道德关怀,却没有站在道德的制高点对海蒂口诛笔伐,也没有将她简化成文学作品中惯常出现的女性类型如贞女、慈母或荡妇等。海蒂并不因其"小"而变得僵硬与扁平,反而是小说刻画得最丰满的女性人物。作者深知海蒂的悲剧有个体的责任,也有不可忽略的社会原因。Opinions vary on how to interpret Hetty in Adam Bede.One of the prevailing views among American and British critics is that she has been wronged by the author.Some reviewers even depict her as a heroine who breaks the mold of convention.This paper,through an analysis of the notion of"perfect lady"popular among the middle and bottom classes in the age of George Eliot,and through a feminist investigation of the idea of"beauty,"intends to show how Hetty sinks into the abyss of narcissism and isolates herself from other people and the real world.Apathy,or lack of feeling,is one of the subjective reasons which breeds the tragedy of Hetty.George Eliot has deep moral concern,yet she does not simplify Hetty into the usual stereotypes of women in Victorian novels:a chaste woman,a loving mother or a wanton.In spite of her"smallness,"Hetty is not a rigid or flat figure.She remains the most vivid female character throughout the novel.The author makes clear that Hetty’s tragedy is brought about both by individual responsibility and social reasons.

关 键 词：《亚当·比德》 完美太太 自恋 海蒂 个体与群体的悲剧 

分 类 号：I561[文学—其他各国文学]