缓释硼肥种肥用量对红壤油菜生长发育和产量的影响  

Effects of the Application Rate of Slow-Release Boric Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in Red Soil Cultivated Land Under the Simultaneous Sowing of Fertilizer and Seeds

作　　者：韩德鹏 吕伟生 陈明[1] 黄天宝[1] 肖小军[1] 李亚贞[1] 肖富良 郑伟[1] HAN Depeng;LYU Weisheng;CHEN Ming;HUANG Tianbao;XIAO Xiaojun;LI Yazhen;XIAO Fuliang;ZHENG Wei(Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil/Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Red Soil Arable Land Conservation/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation in Jiangxi,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330046)

机构地区：[1]江西省红壤研究所/江西省红壤耕地保育重点实验室/农业农村部江西耕地保育科学观测实验站,江西南昌330046

出　　处：《核农学报》2021年第10期2394-2403,共10页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江西省重点研发计划项目(20181BBF60004、20171BBF60032);国家自然科学基金项目(31860392);国家油菜产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-12)。

摘　　要：为明确种肥同播条件下红壤耕地的适宜硼肥用量,在红壤旱地和水田通过开展种肥同播不同硼肥用量试验,本研究设置施硼肥量为0(T1,对照)、4.5(T2)、9.0(T3)、13.5 kg·hm^(-2)(T4)4个处理,研究其对油菜出苗、生长发育、硼肥吸收利用效果、籽粒产量、品质等的影响。结果表明,红壤耕地增施硼肥,油菜花期可缩短9-20 d,全生育期缩短2-11 d。红壤中有效硼含量严重缺乏,增施硼肥可显著提高油菜生物量和菜籽产量。适宜的硼肥用量可通过增加成株率、单株角果数和每角粒数提高产量。施硼量为9.0 kg·hm^(-2)时,菜籽产量达最佳水平,为2 131.6 kg·hm^(-2),较对照增产336.1%。收获期硼吸收量和各器官中硼含量随施硼量增加而增加,施硼量为13.5 kg·hm^(-2)时硼吸收量和各器官中硼含量均达到最大值。硼肥利用率随施硼量增加呈降低趋势,土壤基础有效硼含量越低,硼肥贡献率越大,施硼增产效果越好。施硼量为9.0 kg·hm^(-2)时,菜籽含油量和产油量达最佳水平,与对照相比含油量增加6.7个百分点,产油量达996.4 kg·hm^(-2),较对照增加401.5%。综合菜籽产量、含油量、硼肥利用率和产油量等因素,推荐红壤旱地硼肥施用量为9.0 kg·hm^(-2),水田可适当增加施用量,但不宜超过13.5 kg·hm^(-2)。本研究为我省红壤耕地油菜生产硼肥施用和油菜全程机械化生产提供了技术参考和理论依据。In order to clarify the appropriate amount of boron(B) fertilizer for red soil cultivated land under the condition of simultaneous sowing of fertilizer and rapeseeds, an experiment with different amounts of B fertilizer was carried out in dry land and paddy field. To study its effects on the emergence, growth, development, absorption and utilization of B fertilizer, grain yield and quality of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.), set four treatments of B fertilizer application: 0(T1, CK), 4.5(T2), 9.0(T3) and 13.5 kg·hm^(-2)(T4). Results showed that, the increase of B fertilizer on the cultivated land of red soil could shorten the flowering period of rape by 9-20 days and the whole growth period by 2-11 days. The effective B content of red soil was seriously lacking, and increasing application of B fertilizer could significantly increase rapeseed biomass and yield. The appropriate amount of B fertilizer could increase the yield by increasing the mature plant rate, the number of pods per plant and the number of seed per pod. When the B application rate was 9.0 kg·hm^(-2), rapeseed yield reached the best level of 2 131.6 kg·hm^(-2), and the yield increased by 336.1%. The B absorption and the B content in each organ increased with the increase of B application during the harvest period. When the B application was 13.5 kg·hm^(-2), both the B absorption and the B content in each organ reached the maximum. The utilization rate of B fertilizer decreased with the increase of B application. The lower the soil basic effective B content, the greater the contribution rate of B fertilizer, and the better the effect of B application in increasing yield. When the B application rate was 9.0 kg·hm^(-2), the oil content and oil production of rapeseed reached the best level. Compared with the control, the oil content increased by 6.7 percentage points, and the oil production reached 996.4 kg·hm^(-2), which increased with the control 401.5%. Considering the factors such as rapeseed yield, oil content, B fertilizer utilization rate and

关 键 词：红壤 缓释硼 油菜 产量 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]