氮磷钾配施对玛咖产量和品质的影响及肥料效应  

Effects of Combined Application of N, P and K Fertilizers on the Yield and Quality of Lepidium meyenii and Its Fertilizer Interaction

作　　者：李浩 徐瑞 施辉能 刘春兰 龙光强[1] 田洋[2] 范伟 LI Hao;XU Rui;SHI Huineng;LIU Chunlan;LONG Guangqiang;TIAN Yang;FAN Wei(College of Resources and Environment,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan 650201;College of Food Science and Technology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan 650201;National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation&Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China/Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan 650201)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南农业大学食品科学技术学院,云南昆明650201 [3]云南农业大学西南中药材种质创新与利用国家地方联合工程研究中心/云南省药用植物生物学重点实验室,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《核农学报》2021年第10期2404-2412,共9页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项(2017ZF004);云南省“万人计划”青年拔尖人才(YNWR-QNBJ-2018-047)。

摘　　要：为探究玛咖优质高效种植的合理施肥量和施肥配方,本研究采用"3414"随机区组设计开展田间小区试验,测定玛咖植株农艺性状、产量和品质性状等指标,通过拟合肥料效应函数方程并结合品质性状确定氮、磷、钾施肥量。结果表明,氮磷钾的合理配施能不同程度促进玛咖地上部和地下部的生长,提高其产量和品质,其中N2P2K2(N∶P2O5∶K2O=8∶6∶8)的玛咖地下部农艺性状、产量、玛咖烯、芥子油苷和灰分含量最高;氮、磷、钾3种元素对玛咖产量存在明显的互作效应,表现为N2P2K2施肥水平有利于氮、磷、钾肥效的发挥;通过田间小区试验得出玛咖最高理论产量为9 346.95 kg·hm^(-2)。综合肥料三因素、产量和品质分析得出,N2P2K2的玛咖产量最高、品质最好。最高产量的氮磷钾施肥用量为N∶P2O5∶K2O=120.71∶92.16∶144.22 kg·hm^(-2),产量达到8 577.35 kg·hm^(-2);经济最佳产量的氮磷钾施肥用量为N∶P2O5∶K2O=120.58∶91.76∶143.35 kg·hm^(-2),产量达到8 577.29 kg·hm^(-2)。本研究结果为指导和规范玛咖的施肥技术提供了理论依据。In order to explore the reasonable fertilization amount and fertilization formula for high-quality and high-efficiency Lepidium meyenii planting, this study used the "3414" random block design to carry out field trials to determine the agronomic traits, yield and quality traits of L. meyenii plants, and fit the fertilizer effect function. Equation combined with quality traits to determine the amount of N, P and K fertilizer. The result showed that the combined application of N, P and K could promote the growth of shoots and roots of L. meyenii, and improve its yield and quality to different degrees. Among them, root agronomic traits, yield, macaenes, glucosinolates and ash of L. meyenii were the highest under the treatment of N2P2K2(N∶P2O5∶K2O 8∶6∶8);N, P and K had significant interaction effect on L. meyenii yield, which showed that N2P2K2 level was conducive to the fertilizer interaction;The highest theoretical yield of L. meyenii was 9 346.95 kg·hm^(-2) through field plot test. Comprehensive analysis of the three factors of fertilizer, yield and quality showed that the yield and quality of L. meyenii were the best under N2P2K2treatment, indicating that N∶P2O5∶K2O fertilizer ratio of highest yield was 120.71∶92.16∶144.22 kg·hm^(-2), and the highest yield reached 8 577.35 kg·hm^(-2);N∶P2O5∶K2O fertilizer ratio of optimum economic yield was 120.58∶91.76∶143.35 kg·hm^(-2), and the highest yield reached 8 577.29 kg·hm^(-2). The results provided a theoretical basis for guiding and standardizing the fertilization technology of L. meyenii.

关 键 词：玛咖 氮磷钾配施 产量 品质 最佳施肥量 

分 类 号：S567.2[农业科学—中草药栽培]