跨国合作创新网络演化及其影响因素研究——基于国际共同发明专利数据的实证分析  

Research on the Evolution of Transnational Cooperative Innovation Network and Its Influencing Factors:An Empirical Analysis Based on International Co-invention Patent Data

作　　者：李琳 郭立宏[2] 杨敏利[1] LI Lin;GUO Li-hong;YANG Min-li(School of Economic and Management,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China;School of Economic and Management,Northwest University,Xi’an 710069,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学经济与管理学院,陕西西安710048 [2]西北大学经济管理学院,陕西西安710069

出　　处：《经济问题》2021年第9期119-128,F0003,共11页On Economic Problems

摘　　要：以1999—2018年60个国家两两之间共同发明的PCT国际专利数据构建跨国合作创新网络,通过采用社会网络分析法和多维尺度分析法分析该网络的整体结构特征、节点中心性和节点间合作强度的演化过程,并运用QAP回归分析探究跨国合作创新关系变化的影响因素。研究发现,跨国合作创新网络的连通性不断增强、联系更加紧密、小世界特性逐渐凸显、位置优势分配也趋于平衡;美国、德国和英国一直占据着网络的重要位置,位于次重要位置的国家却发生了较大的变化,跨国合作创新的空间分布不均衡问题逐步改善,但仍集中于少数技术创新水平较高的国家之间;在网络演化过程中,地理距离、文化距离和语言差异对跨国合作创新程度具有负向影响;相反,技术距离发挥积极作用,其中,地理距离的影响逐渐减小,技术距离和语言差异的影响却不断增大。The global transnational cooperative innovation network is constructed based on the international PCT patent data jointly invented by 60 countries from 1999 to 2018.The evolution processes of the overall structural characteristics,node centrality and cooperation intensity of the network are analyzed by using methods of social network analysis and multidimensional scale analysis,and the factors affecting the change of transnational cooperative innovation relationship are explored by using QAP regression analysis.The results show that in the transnational cooperative innovation network,the connectivity is increasing,the connection is closer,the small world characteristics are gradually prominent,and the distribution of location advantage tends to be balanced.The United States,Germany and the United Kingdom have always occupied an important position in the network,while the countries in the second important position have undergone great changes.The unbalanced spatial distribution of transnational cooperative innovation has gradually improved,but it is still concentrated among a few countries with a high level of technological innovation.In the process of network evolution,geographical distance,cultural distance and language difference have a negative impact on the degree of transnational cooperation innovation,on the contrary,technological distance plays a positive role,in which the impact of geographical distance gradually decreases,while the impact of technological distance and language difference is increasing.

关 键 词：跨国合作 创新网络演化 国家距离 共同发明专利 社会网络分析 

分 类 号：F113.2[经济管理—国际贸易]