从作述题的小句到句末语气词:“就是了”的形成机制  

More on the Grammaticalization Mechanism of “Jiushile(就是了)”

作　　者：宋文辉[1] SONG Wenhui(School of Liberal Arts,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院,北京100732

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第5期109-117,共9页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“基于汉语特征的多元语法理论探索”(项目编号:20&ZD297)的子课题“基于汉语特征的认知语法理论探索”。

摘　　要：部分结构复杂的句末语气词语法化的初始结构应定为“X结构”,而不是判断句。“就是了”的“是”来源于表肯定评价的形容词“是”,而不是判断动词“是”或者其引申用法。“就是了”语法化的非典型语境是它不再作独立的句子的谓语,而是充当条件复句的结果分句;其语法化的关键语境是“X就是了”构式从执行陈述言语行为转为执行非陈述言语行为;“就是了”完全语法化的标志是封闭语境的形成,其形成时间并非已有研究所认为的元代,而是现代汉语时期。“就是了”的基本语法意义是“限止”,即将其前的条件分句所表述的命题限制为唯一和交际要求相关的因素,强调无须再加上其他因素,“X就是了”构式因而有主观小量特征。“就是了”的其他意义都是上述核心意义和具体的言语行为类型结合的产物。上述讨论说明,相关句末语气词语法化机制的特点是汉语句子构造的基本原则决定的,话题结构的根本性不仅塑造着汉语句法面貌,也制约着部分虚词的发展。This paper argues that the source of “shi” in “jiushile” is not copulas “shi”,but the adjective “shi” expressing positive evaluation.According to the theory of context type of grammaticalization,this paper analyzes the three stages of the grammaticalization progress of “jiushile”.The untypical context of the grammaticalization of “jiushile” is that it become the main clause of a conditional sentence.The critical context is that the “X jiushile” construction is used to undertake the non-assertion speech acts.The isolating context of the grammaticalization of “jiushile” finished in the times of modern Chinese.The basic grammatical meaning of “jiushile” is “restricting”.The construction thus indicates subjectivity and small quantity.The other meanings of it are the combination of the above-mentioned core meanings and specific speech act types.The above discussion shows that the characteristics of the grammaticalization mechanism of modal particles at the end of the related sentences are determined by the basic principles of Chinese sentence construction,and the fundamentality of topic structure not only shapes Chinese syntax,but also restricts the development of some function words.

关 键 词：语法化机制 语法化的语境分类 历史构式语法 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]