CRISPR技术在改良植物抗病性中的应用  

Application of CRISPR Technology in Improving Plant Disease Resistance

作　　者：罗丽婷 蒋君梅 李向阳[2] 谢鑫[1] LUO Liting;JIANG Junmei;LI Xiangyang;XIE Xin(Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology,College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China;Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,Ministry of Education,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院/农业微生物特色重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学绿色农药与农业生物工程教育部重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《山地农业生物学报》2021年第4期46-57,共12页Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology

基　　金：贵州省科技计划(黔科合支撑[2019]2408);贵州省高层次留学人才创新创业择优资助项目([2018]02);贵州省科技计划(黔科合平台人才[2018]5781);贵州大学引进人才科研基金(贵大人基合字[2017]54)。

摘　　要：基因组编辑技术发展迅速,已成为植物抗病育种的重要手段之一。近年来,CRISPR(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats,规律间隔成簇短回文重复序列)技术由于设计和操作简单、成功率高、通用性强、成本低以及遗传编辑之后不会造成外源基因污染等优点,被广泛应用于植物抗病基因改良。CRISPR由几个不连续的直接重复序列组成,具有切除入侵病毒和外源DNA,保护自身免受侵染的功能。本文综述了CRISPR技术在单子叶植物(水稻、小麦、玉米、香蕉)和双子叶植物(拟南芥、烟草、番茄)抗病基因改良中的应用,讨论其优缺点并展望其应用前景,以便促进该技术在改良植物抗病性中的应用。With the rapid development of genome editing technology,it has become one of the important means of plant disease resistance breeding.In recent years,CRISPR technology has been widely used in plant disease resistance gene improvement due to its advantages of simple design and operation,high success rate,strong versatility,low cost,and no pollution of exogenous genes after genetic editing.CRISPR consists of several discontinuous direct repeat sequences,which have the function of removing invading viruses and foreign DNA and protecting itself from infection.This paper reviewed the application of CRISPR technology in the improvement of disease resistance genes of monocotyledons(rice,wheat,maize,banana)and dicotyledons(Arabidopsis thaliana,tobacco,tomato),discussed its advantages and disadvantages,and prospected its application prospect,so as to promote the application of CRISPR technology in the improvement of disease resistance of plants.

关 键 词：CRISPR技术 抗病性 基因编辑 

分 类 号：S332.2[农业科学—作物遗传育种]