紧凑型与平展型玉米品种氮素吸收利用特征研究  

Study on Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization Characteristics of Compact and Flat Maize Varieties

作　　者：成浩 钱欣 张慧[2] 高英波 王良 刘开昌[3] 史永晖 李宗新[3] Cheng Hao;Qian Xin;Zhang Hui;Gao Yingbo;Wang Liang;Liu Kaichang;Shi Yonghui;Li Zongxin(College of Agronomy,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;Maize Research Institute,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize,Jinan 250100,China;Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Jinan Soil and Fertilizer Station,Jinan 250004,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学农学院,山东青岛266109 [2]山东省农业科学院玉米研究所/小麦玉米国家工程实验室,山东济南250100 [3]山东省农业科学院,山东济南250100 [4]济南市土壤肥料工作站,山东济南250004

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2021年第8期65-72,共8页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300607);山东省现代农业产业技术体系玉米创新团队项目(SDAIT-02-07)。

摘　　要：试验采用盆栽方式,选取紧凑型品种登海605(DH605)和平展型品种鲁单981(LD981)为供试材料,以不施氮为对照(N0),设置3个供氮(N)水平:6g/株(N1)、12g/株(N2)、18g/株(N3),研究不同株型玉米品种的产量形成及氮素吸收利用对不同供氮水平的响应特征。结果表明,DH605在N1处理而LD981在N2处理下产量最高,且两品种最高产量差异不显著;在不施氮(N0)条件下,DH605产量较LD981显著提高44.98%(P<0.05);高氮处理(N3)的DH605产量较N1、N2处理显著降低(P<0.05)。随着施氮量的增加,两个品种的氮吸收效率、氮肥农学效率、氮肥偏生产力均逐渐降低。不施氮条件下,DH605穗期根系干物质积累量及氮素积累量、成熟期地上部干物质积累量较LD981分别显著提高24.73%、37.57%、13.80%(P<0.05);氮素转运总量及对籽粒贡献率较LD981分别显著提高0.85g/株和57.95个百分点(P<0.05),但高氮(N3)处理较N1和N2处理显著降低(P<0.05)。较大的根系生物量保证紧凑型品种DH605在低氮条件下依然有较强的氮素吸收及物质生产能力,但其在高氮条件下营养器官代谢过旺,而氮素向籽粒的转运减少,导致产量和氮素利用效率降低。The pot experiment was conducted to research the response characteristics of yield formation and nitrogen absorption and utilization of compact and flat maize varieties to different nitrogen supply levels.The compact variety Denghai 605(DH605)and the flat variety Ludan 981(LD981)were selected as test materials.Three nitrogen supply levels were set as 6 g per plant(N1),12 g per plant(N2),18 g per plant(N3),and no nitrogen application(N0)as control.The results showed that the yield of DH605 and LD981 reached the maximum under N1 and N2 treatments,respectively,and there was no significant difference between them.Compared with LD981,the yield of DH605 was 44.98%higher under N0 treatment(P<0.05).The yield of DH605 under the higher nitrogen treatment(N3)was significantly lower compared with N1 and N2 treatments(P<0.05).With the increase of nitrogen application rate,the nitrogen absorption efficiency,nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity of the two varieties decreased gradually.Under the condition of no nitrogen application,the root biomass and nitrogen accumulation in ear period,and the dry matter accumulation of shoots in maturity period of DH605 significantly increased by 24.73%,37.57%and 13.80%,respectively(P<0.05)compared with LD981;total nitrogen transport amount and grain contribution rate of DH605 increased significantly by 0.85 g per plant and 57.95 percentage points(P<0.05)compared with LD981,but those of high nitrogen treatment(N3)was significantly lower than those of N1 and N2(P<0.05).Larger root biomass could ensure that the compact variety DH605 still has strong nitrogen absorption and material production capacity under low-nitrogen conditions,however,under the condition of high nitrogen,the metabolism of vegetative organs was excessive,and the transport of nitrogen to grains reduced resulting in the decrease of yield and nitrogen use efficiency.

关 键 词：玉米 氮肥 株型 产量 氮素吸收利用 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]