中国企业对中亚农业投资的模式选择——基于“一带一路”投资环境的对比分析  

Mode selection of Chinese enterprises’agricultural investment in Central Asia--A comparative analysis based on“The Belt and Road”investment environment

作　　者：赵捷 陈秧分[1] ZHAO Jie;CHEN Yangfen

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《世界农业》2021年第9期24-36,122,123,共15页World Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71961147001、41871109),中国农业科学院科技创新工程“国际农业经济与贸易”(ASTIP-IAED-2021-06)。

摘　　要：投资模式优化对于提高中国企业海外农业投资成功率、完善投资网络布局、掌握市场主动权具有重要意义。本文尝试建立东道国宏观环境特征与微观企业投资动机的内在关联,立足中亚与“一带一路”沿线农业投资环境的对比分析,探究中国企业投资中亚农业的进入方式与产业链布局模式。结果表明,哈萨克斯坦和塔吉克斯坦两国农业投资环境较好,吉尔吉斯斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦次之,土库曼斯坦较差,2015年以来仅哈萨克斯坦环境水平趋好;中亚地区政治形势较为复杂,金融货币体系不稳定,但市场发展潜力大,农业资源丰富;相较于沿线其他国家,中亚五国农业综合投资环境属一般或较差类别,各子系统环境处于失调状态。结合中亚投资环境与发展实际,市场寻求型、互补资源利用型投资企业宜选择绿地新建或独资经营方式开展投资活动,规避投资风险;战略资产获取型投资企业适宜采取并购或合资参股的方式,减弱外来者劣势,获得并购企业资源优势,在此基础上,中国企业可采取全产业链+核心业务、技术转移的模式在中亚地区进行产业链布局。Optimizing the agricultural investment model is of great significance for improving the success rate of overseas agricultural investment by Chinese companies,improving the investment network layout and mastering market initiative.This article combines the host country’s macro-environmental characteristics and enterprises’investment motives,based on the comparative analysis of the agricultural investment environment in Central Asia as well as along“The Belt and Road”and explores the entry methods and industrial chain layout models of Chinese enterprises investing in Central Asian agriculture.The results show that the agricultural investment environment in Kazakhstan and Tajikistan is better,followed by Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,and Turk menistan.Since 2015,only Kazakhstan’s environmental level has improved.The political situation in Central Asia is relatively complicated,the financial and monetary system is unstable,but the market has great potential for development and abundant agricultural resources.Compared with other countries along the route,the agricultural investment environment of the five Central Asian countries is in a general or poor category,the environment of each subsystem is in a state of imbalance.Combining the investment environment and development reality of Central Asia,in order to avoid investment risks,market-seeking and complementary resource-utilizing investment companies can choose greenfield construction or sole proprietorship to carry out investment activities.Strategic asset acquisition investment enterprises are suitable for mergers and acquisitions or joint equity participation to reduce the disadvantages of outsiders and achieve investment goals.On this basis,Chinese enterprises can adopt the model of full industrial chain+core business,and agricultural technology transfer to carry out industrial chain layout in Central Asia.

关 键 词：对外农业投资 企业进入方式 产业链布局模式 农业投资环境 

分 类 号：F125[经济管理—世界经济] F336