垃圾气化分析及其对中国实现碳中和与无废城市建设的贡献  

An analysis of waste gasification and its contribution to China’s transition towards carbon neutrality and zero waste cities

作　　者：LEE Roh Pin SEIDL Ludwig Georg HUANG Qiu-liang MEYER Bernd 

机构地区：[1]Institute for Energy Process Engineering and Chemical Engineering,TU Bergakademie Freiberg,Germany [2]Fraunhofer IMWS Branch Lab“Circular Carbon Technologies”,Freiberg,Germany [3]State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion,Institute of Coal Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Taiyuan,China

出　　处：《燃料化学学报》2021年第8期1057-1076,共20页Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology

基　　金：The project was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education(BMBF)(01LN1713A).

摘　　要：气化是实现化学利用碳资源(尤其是煤)生产化学品和燃料的关键工艺。目前,全球拥有超过272套气化装置,主要应用于煤化工,尤其在中国。由于在一个化工厂通过技术集成达到工业规模的集中生产可实现减少二氧化碳排放并促进碳密集型行业的循环经济,如废物管理、化学和交通行业,因此,近年来全球对垃圾气化的兴趣日益浓厚,尤其是那些在煤气化技术方面积累了丰富的人力资本和运营经验以及拥有完整Coal-to-X产品价值链的国家,如中国,在挖掘通过垃圾气化实现Waste-to-X的潜力方面处于独特的地位。具体而言,废弃物可用于补充煤气化生产如下产品:(1)具有较低或零碳足迹的化学品,具体取决于废物是来源于化石资源还是生物资源。(2)来自生物废弃物的零碳足迹的绿色“氢”,以补充或替代来自煤气化或蒸汽重整得到的“灰色”氢,以供给氢能汽车,并推动工业脱碳。(3)来自生物废弃物的CO_(2)中性合成液体燃料,用于交通工具,以补充或替代石油燃料和合成煤制液体燃料。然而,迄今为止,利用垃圾作为气化原料的操作经验有限,并且文献中也很少涉及以前和当前的工业垃圾气化经验。为了填补这些空白,本研究介绍了1980年代至2000年代德国的两项开创性技术发展—贝伦拉特(Berrenrath)和SVZ黑水泵(即Sekundärrohstoff-Verwertungszentrum:黑水泵二次原料回收中心),并分享了以下三种垃圾与煤共气化技术(即Waste&Coal-to-X)的相关认识和经验教训:固定床气化:鲁奇干法排渣技术以及BGL熔渣气化技术。流化床气化:高温温克勒(HTW-High Temperature Winkler)气化工艺。气流床气化:GSP(Gaskombinat Schwarze Pumpe),即西门子气化工艺。此外,本研究也总结了目前全球100%垃圾气化技术的发展,即Waste-to-X。在气化技术的三种类型中,研发领域和工业界均对流化床与气流床(作为后期气化)技术的结合产�Waste gasification has the potential to contribute to China’s transition towards carbon neutrality and zero waste cities via the recirculation of waste as secondary carbon feedstock for the production of chemicals with lower/and or zero carbon footprint,green hydrogen with zero carbon footprint and CO_(2)-neutral synthetic liquid fuels.With China’s significant coal gasification capacity and associated experiences and expertise,Coal-to-X could act as a bridge to Waste-to-X for carbon intensive sectors such as the waste management,chemical production and mobility sectors.To illustrate the opportunities in these areas,this article presented highlights from dynamic global developments in waste gasification,focusing on pioneering industrial developments in Germany between 1980−2000’s as well as current international developments.Lessons learnt from previous and current waste gasification project deployment are shared and enabled the identification of problems which will have to be addressed in the transition from coal gasification towards mono-waste gasification technologies.Additionally,a qualitative evaluation of gasification technologies pointed to the strengths and weaknesses of fixed-bed,fluidized-bed and entrained-flow gasification principles in their application for waste gasification.

关 键 词：煤气化 垃圾气化 碳中和 无废城市 中国 

分 类 号：X784[环境科学与工程—环境工程]