细胞外囊泡:与精子成熟、运动以及受精相关的生理功能  

Extracellular vesicles: Their physiological functions related to sperm maturation, sperm motility and fertilization

作　　者：王锐鹏 王晓彬(综述)[1] 杜强[1] 潘伯臣(审校)[1] WANG Rui-peng;WANG Xiao-bin;DU Qiang;PAN Bo-chen(Center of Reproductive Medicine,Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University,Shenyang,Liaoning 110004,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医科大学附属盛京医院生殖医学中心,辽宁沈阳110004

出　　处：《中华男科学杂志》2021年第6期542-546,共5页National Journal of Andrology

摘　　要：细胞外囊泡是一种细胞间通讯工具,在精子成熟、运动以及受精过程中发挥重要作用。精子通过附睾的过程中,附睾小体为精子提供蛋白质、脂质和遗传物质,促进精子成熟,也可在表观遗传水平影响精子和后代表型。射精后,前列腺小体与精子融合,精子质膜组成以及精子内容物改变,不仅可以维持精子质膜稳定性,也增强了精子活力。子宫小体可增强精子获能、增加顶体反应水平。输卵管小体除了参与精子获能、运动中,还可以给予精子非编码RNA,进而影响胚胎发育。尚且不足的是,有关细胞外囊泡与精子的研究多为动物实验,其在人类的适用性仍有待进一步研究。Extracellular vesicles are cell-to-cell communication tools that play important roles in sperm maturation,motility,and fertilization.Epididymosomes provide proteins,lipids,and genetic materials to sperm as the latter go through the epididymis,not only promoting sperm maturation,but also influencing sperm and offspring phenotypes at the epigenetic level.After ejaculation,prostasomes fuse with sperm,leading to changes in the composition of the sperm plasma membrane and the contents of sperm,which maintains the stability of the sperm plasma membrane and increases sperm motility as well.Uterosomes can enhance sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction.Oviductosomes participate in sperm capacitation and motility,provide non-coding RNA to sperm,and influence the development of embryos.However,studies on extracellular vesicles and spermatozoa are mostly based on animal experiments,and their applicability to humans remains to be further explored.

关 键 词：细胞外囊泡 精子成熟 精子活动 获能 受精 

分 类 号：R321.1[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]