制度螺旋与制度扩容:幕末改革到明治维新前期改革的升维走向  

Institutional Spiral and Institutional Expansion:The Trend of the Reform from the End of the Shogunate to the Early Stage of Meiji Restoration

作　　者：郑澎 ZHENG Peng(Division for Development of Liberal Arts,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu, Sichuan,611756,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学文科建设处,四川成都611756

出　　处：《日本问题研究》2021年第3期48-57,共10页Japanese Research

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(20YJC770001);西南交通大学历史专题研究项目(DSZ2019-YHGG-89)。

摘　　要：1854年至1867年14年间,德川幕府接连发动三次改革,针对日本开国所面临的诸多困境,展开了整体性改革回应,然则越改革却越被动,最终落得改革失败政权更迭的下场。而明治新政府主导的1868年至1881年明治维新前期改革,同样是14年时间,同样是救亡图存的老问题,却带领旧日本改革自强,实现了近代国家转型。究其原因,着实反映了明治维新前期改革对于幕末改革,存在着制度安排与扩容、改革思路与模式、国家与社会同步进化上的升维走向。During the 14 years from 1854 to 1867,the Tokugawa Shogunate launched three reforms in succession.In response to the many difficulties faced by Japan's founding,it launched a comprehensive reform.However,the more reform it accomplished,the more passive it became.Finally,it fell into the institutional spiral and ended up with the failure of reform and the change of regime.However,the early Meiji reform led by the Meiji new government in 1868—1881,which also addressed the old problem of saving the nation from subjugation,led the reform and self-improvement of old Japan,realized the modern national transformation,and embarked on the road of emerging capitalist countries.The reason for this reflects that the reforms of the early Meiji Restoration,compared with the end of the shogunate reforms,have an upward trend in institutional arrangements and expansion,reform ideas and models,and the simultaneous evolution of the country and society.

关 键 词：制度螺旋 制度扩容 幕末改革 明治维新前期改革 

分 类 号：K313[历史地理—历史学] D521[历史地理—世界史]