连作草莓低发病土壤与高发病土壤理化性质及生物学特征差异比较  

Contrast of physicochemical properties and biological characteristics of low disease and high disease soils of continuous cropping strawberry

作　　者：李梦雅 陈莎莎 王世梅 LI Meng-ya;CHEN Sha-sha;WANG Shi-mei(Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Organic Waste Utilization/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization/Research Center of Resource-saving Fertilizer Engineering Technology,Ministry of Education,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室/江苏省有机固体废弃物协同创新中心/教育部资源节约型肥料工程技术研究中心,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2021年第4期910-918,共9页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0500201);国家自然科学基金项目(41671256)。

摘　　要：为探索连作草莓低发病土壤形成的机制,本研究通过对尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)孢子萌发率以及连作土壤理化性质的测定,结合Real-time PCR及高通量测序对南京郊区多年连作草莓大棚低发病土壤和高发病土壤的理化性质及生物学特征进行比较,分析其微生物群落特征。结果表明,低发病土壤中尖孢镰刀菌孢子萌发率明显低于高发病土壤。二者理化性质亦呈现出不同的变化规律,低发病土壤pH、EC、总碳含量、总氮含量和总磷含量均高于高发病土壤,低发病土壤的大团聚体(>0.250 mm)比例及土壤过氧化氢酶活性显著高于高发病土壤。Real-time PCR及高通量测序结果显示,低发病土壤中尖孢镰刀菌数量显著低于高发病土壤,且低发病土壤中鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)、类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)、游动放线菌属(Actinoplanes)等类群的丰度显著高于高发病土壤。因此,低发病土壤的形成与土壤理化性质、土壤中病原菌的数量及潜在有益微生物的种类和丰度密切相关。In order to explore the formation mechanism of low disease soil of continuous cropping strawberries,the low disease soil and high disease soil samples were collected from a greenhouse for continuous cropping strawberry in Nanjing suburb to compare the physicochemical and biological characteristics of the above two kinds of soils and analyze the features of microfloras,based on detection of the spore germination rate of Fusarium oxysporum and physicochemical characteristics of continuous cropping soil,combined with Real-time PCR and high-throughput sequencing.The result showed that,the spore germination rate of F.oxysporum in low disease soils was obviously lower than that in the high disease soils.The physicochemical characteristics of the soils also presented different change rules,the pH value,EC,total carbon content,total nitrogen content and total phosphorus content of low disease soils were higher than those of high disease soils.The proportion of macro aggregates(>0.250 mm)and soil catalase activities in low disease soils were also significantly higher than those in high disease soils.Results of Real-time PCR and high-throughput sequencing indicated that,the number of F.oxysporum in low disease soils was significantly lower than that in high disease soils,while the abundances of Sphingomonas,Flavobacterium,Paenibacillus and Actinoplanes in low disease soils were obviously higher than those in high disease soils.Therefore,the formation of low disease soils is closely related to the physicochemical properties,pathogen abundance and the variety and abundance of potential beneficial microorganism in the soils.

关 键 词：草莓 低发病土壤 高发病土壤 尖孢镰刀菌 团聚体 土壤酶活性 微生物群落结构 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]