“骗取财物”在组织、领导传销活动罪中的理论定位  

The Theoretical Positioning of “Defrauding Property” in the Crime of Organizing and Leading the Pyramid Selling Activities

作　　者：张誉超 吴林生[1] ZHANG Yu-chao;WU Lin-sheng(Law School of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学法学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《哈尔滨师范大学社会科学学报》2021年第4期50-59,共10页Journal of Social Science of Harbin Normal University

基　　金：青藏高原环境与资源法学研究基地(国家民委人文社科重点研究基地)基金项目“国家主权下的环境权法律问题研究”(QHF03)。

摘　　要：刑法将“骗取财物”作为组织、领导传销活动罪的罪状之一,学界对此理解可以分为“特殊类型诈骗说”和“传销即诈骗说”。前者将本罪视为以传销为手段的诈骗,该说有违罪责刑相适应,不能准确评价传销的发起、运营者,造成对实质的诈骗犯罪处罚畸轻或虚置本罪。后者认为传销本身存在诈骗性,故将“骗取财物”视为“可有可无”的概念,该说混淆传销与诈骗边界,违反法律解释原则,易将无罪行为错判有罪。鉴于此,应当以客观处罚条件解释“骗取财物”,即其立法作用是限制处罚范围,仅是传销活动的客观特征,不涉及主观认识。该理论符合责任主义、实质解释的要求,合理出罪途径,实现对传销活动分层处罚,以达罪刑均衡,维护理论与实践的统一。The criminal law regards“defrauding property”as one feature of the crime of organizing and leading the pyramid selling activities.There are two kinds of understanding in the academic circle for this:the theory of“special type of fraud”and the theory of“the pyramid selling activities are fraud”.The former regards this crime as a fraud crime using pyramid schemes as a means.It violates the principle of compatibility of crime,and fails to fully evaluate the initiators and operators of the pyramid selling activities,resulting in impossibly light or false penalties for substantive fraud crimes.The latter believes that the pyramid selling activities are inherently fraudulent,so“defrauding property”is regarded as a dispensable concept,which confuses the boundary between the pyramid selling activities and fraud,and violates the principle of legal interpretation,and it is easy to make the innocent man convicted.In view of this,it is necessary to explain“defrauding property”with the general theory of objective conditions for the punishment.The legislative function of“defrauding property”is to limit the scope of punishment.“Defrauding property”is only an objective feature of the pyramid selling activities and does not involve subjective understanding.This theory meets the requirements of responsibility and substantive interpretation,provides a reasonable approach of not guilty,achieves hierarchical punishment of different types of the Pyramid Selling Activities,achieves a balance of crime and punishment,and maintains the unity of theory and practice.

关 键 词：传销 特殊诈骗类型说 传销即诈骗说 客观处罚条件 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]