《山海经·海外西经》“龙鱼”考释  

Interpreting"Dragon Fish"of The Classics of Mountains and Seas·The Classic of Regions Beyond the Seas:The West

作　　者：王雪 Wang Xue

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学文学与新闻传播学院

出　　处：《农业考古》2021年第4期148-154,共7页Agricultural Archaeology

摘　　要：《山海经·海外西经》有“龙鱼”之名,对“龙鱼”所指众说纷纭,或以之为穿山甲,或以之为鲵鱼、神话传说中的“人鱼”等。本文细究“龙鱼”条论述及“龙鱼”异名与生物学特征,认为既有观点有可待商榷之处。今通过梳理历代文献典籍对龙鱼的生活环境、形态习性等记载,结合动物学材料,考察与其相关的名称“龙鲤”“鲮鱼”“鲮鲤”,发现“龙鱼”生存环境、体貌习性均与鲟鱼类相合,其异名亦指称鲟鱼类,是古称“鳣”“鲔”等鲟鱼类。The name of "dragon fish" was mentioned in The Classics of Mountains and Seas· The Classic of Regions Beyond the Seas: The West, but opinions vary on what "dragon fish" refers to. Some believe it refers to the pangolin, others consider it the salamander, or the "merman" in the myths and legends, etc. Taking a closer look into the discussion on the "dragon fish", its synonyms and biological characteristics, the above views remain to be further discussed. Through studying the records of dragon fish’s living environment, morphology, habits and other characteristics in ancient literature works from all ages, and researching on the zoology materials, the associated names such as "dragon carp", "dace" and "pangolin" were investigated. It is concluded that the living environment, appearance, and habits are all similar to the sturgeons,and its synonyms also refer to the sturgeons, which was called "Zhan", "Wei" in ancient times.

关 键 词：龙鱼 鲟鱼类 《山海经·海外西经》 

分 类 号：K204[历史地理—历史学]