山洪对村镇建筑破坏方式与建筑防洪加固技术研究现状  

Review of the Types of Rural Building Damage Caused by the Flash Flood and the Flood-resistant Strengthening Techniques

作　　者：司光武 陈剑刚 陈晓清[1,2,3] 赵万玉 崔文榕[1,2] SI Guang-wu;CHEN Jian-gang;CHEN Xiao-qing;ZHAO Wan-yu;CUI Wen-rong(CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy Sciences (CAS), Chengdu 610041, China;University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室,中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都610041 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心,北京100101

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2021年第23期9671-9681,共11页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD1100401);国家自然科学基金(41790434,41925030)。

摘　　要：村镇建筑是当地居民最大不动产之一和山洪灾害中的主要承灾体。通过典型山洪事件灾后调查,将山洪对村镇建筑的破坏方式总结为:对建筑迎流面的冲击和顺流面的磨蚀、地基侵蚀、淤埋和浸泡5种类型。除了山洪作用强度,建筑的破坏程度还与自身因素相关。现有的建筑抗洪加固技术包括:抬高建筑标高、设置钢管混凝土防撞桩、格宾石笼及挡墙、采取干式和湿式防洪策略、围墙合理开洞、优化建筑及房间布局。现有抗洪加固技术都只是对常规山洪防治措施的补充。今后需要加强对单体建筑破坏机理、建筑群遮掩效应作用规律和工程-生态协同减灾措施应用的研究。研究结果可为村镇建筑抗洪加固、山洪灾害防治和山区村镇绿色发展提供一定参考。Rural buildings are one of the largest immovable property of residents and the main disaster-bearing body in mountain flood.Through the post-disaster field investigation into flash floods of recent years,the types of rural building damage caused by flash floods could be divided as follows:impact and abrasion on the frontal and flank surface respectively,erosion of the foundation,sediment deposition,and the immersion of stagnant water.In addition to the intensity of flash floods,the damage of buildings is also related to the building's own factors.Flood-resistant strengthening techniques proposed by the current research included:raising elevation,setting up anti-collision piles of concrete-filled steel tube,gabion retaining wall,adopting the dry or wet flood proofing strategy,rationalization of the envelope opening,optimization of the building and room layout.Current flood-resistant strengthening techniques are merely supplements to conventional flood prevention measures.The failure mechanism of a single building,the influence of the building group’s shadowing effect,and the application of coordinated eco-engineering hazard prevention measures are the key points of future study.Results can provide a reference for the flood-resistant strengthening of rural buildings,the mitigation of flash floods,and the green development of villages and towns in mountainous areas.

关 键 词：山洪 村镇建筑 防洪加固 工程-生态措施 

分 类 号：U417.1[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]