金融负债与权益工具区分研究:理论基础、国际进展与政策建议  

Research on the Distinction between Financial Liabilities and Equity Instruments:Theoretical Basis,International Progress and Policy Recommendations

作　　者：王守海[1] 徐晓彤[1] Wang Shouhai;Xu Xiaotong

机构地区：[1]山东财经大学会计学院,250014

出　　处：《会计研究》2021年第4期23-38,共16页Accounting Research

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(19YJA790083);山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2020MG033)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：在传统会计领域,会计准则制定者一直探究负债与权益的区分方法,但是迄今为止,IASB和FASB并没有在会计概念框架层面彻底改变传统的二分法。近年来金融创新日新月异,具有权益特征的金融工具越来越复杂,其法律形式与经济实质往往不一致,给金融负债与权益工具区分带来严峻挑战。本文在我国有序推动市场化债转股、大力发展金融创新工具、控制债务杠杆以及防范金融风险的大背景下,首先梳理了金融负债与权益工具区分的理论基础与区分方法,然后系统回顾了传统二分法的历史渊源和国际进展,最后基于IASB(2018)讨论稿提出金融负债与权益工具区分的政策建议,以期解决发行人目前面临的金融工具区分困境。In the field of traditional accounting,accounting standard setters have been exploring the method of distinguishing liabilities and equity,but so far,the IASB and FASB have not completely changed the traditional dichotomy at the level of the accounting conceptual framework.In recent years,financial innovation has been changing with each passing day.Financial instruments with equity characteristics have become more and more complex,and their legal form and economic substance are often inconsistent,which brings severe challenges to the distinction between financial liabilities and equity instruments.In the background of China’s orderly promotion of market-oriented debt-to-equity swaps,vigorous development of innovative financial instruments,control of debt leverage,and prevention of financial risks,this paper first sorts out the theoretical basis and methods of distinguishing between financial liabilities and equity instruments,and then systematically reviews the historical origin and international progress of the traditional dichotomy,finally based on the IASB(2018)discussion draft,put forward policy recommendations on the distinction between financial liabilities and equity instruments,in order to resolve the issuers’current difficulties in distinguishing financial instruments.

关 键 词：金融负债 权益工具 复杂金融工具 

分 类 号：F230[经济管理—会计学] F830[经济管理—国民经济]