从“外王”内敛到“西学”破局:清朝新闻管控思想的衍变研究  

From the Introversion of“Waiwang”to the Breakthrough of“Western Culture”:The Evolution of News Management and Control Thoughts of the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：赵国宁 赵云泽[1,2] Zhao Guoning;Zhao Yunze

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学新闻学院,北京100872 [2]中国人民大学新闻与社会发展研究中心,北京100872

出　　处：《新闻春秋》2021年第3期21-28,共8页Journalism Evolution

基　　金：中国人民大学“中国传播思想史与古典文献研究”(18XNLG07)课题阶段性成果;。

摘　　要：本文以清朝新闻官方新闻控制思想及新闻管控实践为研究对象,分析了清朝各阶段新闻控制思想与管控实践的特征,发现清朝主流思想与新闻传播实践相互形塑的时代特点。清初官方的主流思想以"外王"儒学观念为主,官方新闻控制思想也表现出"内敛"的特征,新闻管控较为宽松;清朝中期儒学"内圣"兴盛,而官方控制思想也逐渐强势;清朝末年,西学引入冲击中国儒学观,中西交融的思想观念以及贫穷落后的政治现实,使得清政府已经不能全面控制新闻实践,造成清朝的新闻实践呈现失控状态,社会转型背景倒逼着统治者新闻管控思想出现现代化转向。以大历史视野观之,本文认为清朝新闻控制思想与实践始终以维护统治为旨归,各阶段表现的差异性特征是时代多因素作用的结果。This study concentrates on the official news control thoughts and news control practices of the Qing Dynasty,analyzing the characteristics of those at different stages.We find that on the whole,the trend of academic thoughts and journalism and communication practice shaped each other during Qing Dynasty.Specifically,in the early Qing Dynasty,under the influence of the Confucianism of"Waiwang",the official news control thought was characterized by"introversion",and news control was relatively loose.In the mid-Qing Dynasty,the official control thoughts gradually became stringent,and accordingly,Confucianism’s"inner sage(Neisheng)"thoughts became a tool for the strict news control practices.At the end of the Qing Dynasty,influenced by the introduction of the Western culture,the mainstream status of the Chinese traditional dominant thoughts–the Confucianism had been shaken.Accompanied by the fusion of the Chinese and the Western ideologies,as well as the political reality of poverty and backwardness of the Qing Dynasty,the Qing government could no longer fully controlled the news practice,so the ruler’s news management policies and control thoughts were forced to be transferred from tradition to modernization.Overall,considering from a macroscopic historical perspective,the Qing Dynasty’s news control thoughts and practices have always been aimed at maintaining the ruling order,and the different characteristics of the performance of each stage are the results of multiple factors in that era.

关 键 词：清朝 新闻控制 儒学 中西交融 

分 类 号：G210[文化科学—新闻学]