论康德革命理论的“内在矛盾”--以法权论和历史目的论为依据  

On the Contradictions of Kant's Revolutionary Theory-In Terms of His Rechtslehre and Historical Teleology

作　　者：柳康 Liu Kang

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院

出　　处：《理论界》2021年第8期58-65,共8页Theory Horizon

摘　　要：康德对革命的态度较为暧昧。他对法国大革命的态度甚至引发了持久的争论。他一方面从法权上否定了革命的可能性,另一方面又依据他的历史目的论,尤其是“自然/天意”概念对革命作为人类进步的可能手段而采取了默认态度。这看起来是个矛盾。通过比对康德的法权论和历史目的论中的相关论证,我们发现,表面上的矛盾态度其实是不存在的。态度的变化仅仅是出于论证视角的转变。至于历史目的论的视角能否成为康德政治理论本身内蕴困难的突破口,则是另外一个课题。Kant's theory of revolution causes a lot of debates due to his equivocal attitude towards the French Revolution.On the one Hand,he denies the possibility of revolution according to his theory of law,on the other hand,he adopted a tacit attitude towards revolution as a possible means of human progress according to his historical teleology,especially the concept of Providence and Nature.Through investigation of his arguments both in his Rechtslehre and teleology of history,I argue that there is no contradiction in Kant's theory of revolution.Whether turning to the perspective of historical teleology can become a breakthrough in the inherent difficulties of Kant's political theory is another topic.

关 键 词：康德 革命:积极/消极论证 天意/自然 

分 类 号：B1[哲学宗教—世界哲学]