跨国劳工非法就业的产生机制与实践路径——基于中国赴日劳工的案例分析  

The Production Mechanism and Practice Path of Illegal Employment of Transnational Migrant Workers:A Case Study of Chinese Workers in Japan

作　　者：刘兴花 王勇 LIU Xing-hua;WANG Yong

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学马克思主义学院 [2]湖北大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《社会学评论》2021年第4期180-198,共19页Sociological Review of China

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费项目“移民系统范式下的农村劳工跨国流动——基于日、韩、新加坡中国劳工的实证研究”(2019WKYXQN021)的研究成果。

摘　　要：本研究基于赴日劳工案例,以"跨国生产政治"分析框架探讨跨国流动中合同劳工非法就业的产生机制,并从社会网络视角分析非法就业的实践路径。研究发现,劳动力短缺、非法用工的灵活、弹性等特征形成了非法就业的市场需求;拆分型劳动力再生产模式使多数劳工将挣钱视为出国的主要目的,但既有工作的高强度、低工资无法满足这一目的,继而成为推动劳工非法就业的主要原因;流入国外劳制度、资方的集体宿舍安排和准军事化管理使劳工呈原子化、半原子化状态,社会网路的缺失增大了他们在异国工作生活适应的难度,推动了他们的非法就业。以亲缘、友缘和业缘关系为基础的非正式渠道成为劳工非法就业的首要选择,而社会网络的缺失使以非法就业经纪人为核心的正式渠道也成为一些劳工不得已的选择,这遵循了亲缘、友缘、业缘和扩大化地缘的次序,实质上是"差序格局"的实践。Based on the case of the Chinese Workers in Japan,this study explores the production mechanism of illegal employment of contract workers in cross-border movements.It also analyzes the practice path of illegal employment from the perspective of social networks.The study finds that the shortage of labor and the flexibility of illegal employment jointly form the market demand for illegal employment;labor reproduction mode of maintenance and renewal process separation makes most workers think of earning money as their main purpose of working abroad,but the high intensity and low wages of existing jobs cannot meet this purpose,which has become the main reason for promoting illegal employment of workers.The foreign labor system of the destination country,the collective dormitory system,and the paramilitary management of the employers make the workers atomic and semi-atomic.The lack of social networks increase the difficulty of adapting them to work and life in foreign countries and promote their illegal employment.The informal channels based on the kinship,friendship and colleague relationship become the primary choice for illegal employment,while the lack of social network makes the formal channels with the illegal employment broker as inevitable alternative for other more vulnerable workers.The informal and formal types of illegal channels follow the order of kinship,friendship,colleague relationship,and extended geographical relationship,which is essentially a practice of"the differential mode of association".

关 键 词：跨国劳工 非法就业 跨国生产政治 社会网络 非法就业经纪人 

分 类 号：D998.2[政治法律—国际法学] D912.5[政治法律—法学]