东北地区积雪变化及对气候变化的响应  

Spatiotemporal Variation of Snow and its Response to Climate Change in Northeast China

作　　者：周晓宇[1] 赵春雨[1] 李娜 崔妍[1] 易雪[1] 刘鸣彦[1] ZHOU Xiaoyu;ZHAO Chunyu;LI Na;CUI Yan;YI Xue;LIU Mingyan(Regional Climate Center of Shenyang,Shenyang 110166,Liaoning,China;Shanxi Meteorological Observatory,Taiyuan 030006,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳区域气候中心,辽宁沈阳110166 [2]山西省气象台,山西太原030006

出　　处：《高原气象》2021年第4期875-886,共12页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2021J047);中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF202013,CCSF201910,CCSF201841);辽宁省自然科学基金指导计划项目(20180551217)。

摘　　要：利用东北地区1961-2017年162个气象站点逐日气象观测数据,分析了积雪的变化及其与气候变化的关系。结果表明:(1)平均年积雪日数和累积积雪深度为75.3 d和582.1 cm,呈高纬多低纬少、山地多平原少的分布,大兴安岭北部、小兴安岭和长白山区积雪日数达140 d以上,积雪日数多的地方累积积雪深度也较深。(2)平均积雪初终日和积雪期分别为11月7日、4月1日和145 d,积雪初日自大兴安岭北部向辽宁沿海地区推进;积雪初日早的地区积雪结束的也晚,积雪期更长,黑龙江大部分地区均超过了150 d。(3)积雪日数和累积积雪深度最大值均出现在1月,以1月下旬最多;积雪初日和终日最多分别出现在11月和3月,以11月上旬和3月下旬最多。(4)年积雪日数和累积积雪深度分别以1.88 d·(10a)^(-1)和71.94 cm·(10a)^(-1)的速率增加,在21世纪10年代达到年代最高值,秋季、冬季和春季积雪日数和累积积雪深度均呈增加趋势,冬季增加最为显著。积雪初日显著推迟、积雪终日提前、积雪期缩短,变化速率分别为1.44 d·(10a)^(-1)、-2.27 d·(10a)^(-1)和-3.72 d·(10a)^(-1);162个气象站点中,积雪日数和累积积雪深度均有75%以上的站点呈增加趋势,积雪初日推迟、积雪终日提前和积雪期缩短的站点分别为86.4%、98.1%和96.3%。(5)冬半年积雪受降水量(有效降雪量)的影响要大于平均气温的影响;积雪初日与11月平均气温和10月降水量相关性较好,积雪终日与2月温度因子相关性较好;随着纬度的升高和海拔的抬升,积雪日数和累积积雪深度增加,积雪初日提前、积雪终日推后、积雪期延长。Based on daily meteorological observation data from 162 meteorological stations in Northeast China from 1961 to 2017,the spatiotemporal variation of snow and its relationship with climate change were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)The average annual snow days and accumulated snow depth were 75.3 d and 582.1 cm,showing a distribution of more high latitude and less low latitude,more mountains and less plains,with snow days reaching 140 d or more in the northern Daxinganling,Xiaoxinganling and Changbai Mountain areas,and the accumulated snow depth is deeper in places with more snow days.(2)The average snow onset date,end date and snow duration were 7 November,1 April and 145 d respectively,with the snow onset date advancing from the northern part of the Daxinganling to the coastal areas of Liaoning;areas with early snow onset date also have later snow end date and longer snow duration,most areas of Heilongjiang exceeding 150 d.(3)The snow days and accumulated snow depth distributed in a single peak during the year,with the maximum value occurring in January,with the most occurring in late January;the maximum value of snow onset date and end date occur in November and March respectively,with the most occurring in early November and late March.(4)The annual snow days and accumulated snow depth increased at the rates of 1.88 d·(10a)^(-1) and 71.94 cm·(10a)^(-1) respectively,reaching a chronological maximum in the 2010s,the snow days and accumulated snow depth all tend to increase in autumn,winter and spring,with the most significant increase in winter.Of the 162 meteorological stations,more than 75%sites showed increasing trend for the snow days and accumulated snow depth,86.4%stations’s snow onset date delayed,98.1% end date advanced and 96.3% snow duration shortened.(5)The snow was more influenced by precipitation(effective snowfall)than by the average temperature;the snow onset date correlates better with the average temperature in November and the precipitation in October,and the snow end date correlates b

关 键 词：东北地区 积雪 时空变化 气候变化 

分 类 号：P426.63[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]