近代日本马政及其对外扩张  

A Study of Horse Administration in Modern Japan and Its Expansion

作　　者：王玉强[1] 庄苗苗 WANG Yu-qiang;ZHUANG Miao-miao(Center of Northeast Asian Studies,Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin,130012,China;Northeast Asian Studies College,Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin,130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学东北亚研究中心,吉林长春130012 [2]吉林大学东北亚研究院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《史学集刊》2021年第5期109-119,共11页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“日本对华精神侵略民间史料收集、整理与研究”(17ZDA206);国家社会科学基金重大项目“侵华日军第五一三部队与日本细菌战档案资料与口述史料调查整理与研究”(18KZD001);国家社会科学基金重大项目“近代日本对华资源‘调查’及盗绘图表整理与研究(1868-1945)”(18ZDA204);国家社会科学基金重点项目“日本对华移民侵略档案史料整理与殖民统治研究”(18AZD027)。

摘　　要：为满足日本对外扩张战争中对军马的需求,甲午战争和日俄战争后,明治政府借鉴西方近代马政制度,设立专门的马政管理机构,并制定了与之相关的行政和经济制度,由此近代日本马政体系被建立起来。此后近代日本马政主要由农商务省负责管理,作为国策被强力施行。但在近代日本马政建设中,日本陆军出于对外扩张目的,一再强化以军需为主导的马政建设方针,农商务省与陆军为此进行了长期斗争,陆军以军需为主导的马政建设方针最终占据主导地位。除在日本国内开展马政建设外,为了进一步对外扩张,日本陆军还将马政活动扩展到海外,着力在朝鲜和中国东北地区等地开展马政活动。近代日本的马政活动几乎伴随日本对外扩张的始终,是支撑日本对外扩张战争的重要制度。In order to meet Japan's demand for destrier in the war of foreign expansion,the Meiji government established special horse administration institutions and other administrative and economic systems by learning from the western modern horse administration system after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and the Russo-Japanese War,thus the modern Japanese horse administration system was established.Since then,the modern horse administration was mainly managed by the ministry of agriculture and commerce,which was strongly implemented as a national policy.However,in the modern Japanese horse administrative activities,for the purpose of external expansion,the Japanese Army repeatedly strengthened the policy of horse administration dominated by military supplies.In this regard,the ministry of agriculture and commerce and the Japanese army fought for a long time around the policy of horse administration,and the Japanese Army's policy of horse administration dominated by military supplies finally took the leading position,and horse administration was completely reduced to a system supporting the Japanese invasion and expansion.In addition to carrying out horse administrative activities in Japan,the Japanese army has extended its horse administration activities overseas,focusing on Korea and the Northeast China.The modern Japanese horse administration was almost accompanied by the war of Japan's foreign expansion,which was an important system to support foreign expansion.

关 键 词：日本 马政 马匹改良 日本陆军 

分 类 号：D731.3[政治法律—政治学] K313.4[政治法律—中外政治制度]