吐蕃统治敦煌时期的契约关系探析  

An Analysis of the Contractual Relations in Dunhuang during the Tibetan Empire Rule

作　　者：陈古目草 Chen Gu-mucao(China Language and Literature College of Southwest MinZu University,Chengdu Sichuan 6100410)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学中国语言文学学院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《河西学院学报》2021年第4期51-59,共9页Journal of Hexi University

摘　　要：敦煌吐蕃时期的出土契约文书在社会经济类文书中占有一定的比例,这类文书反映了敦煌在吐蕃统治之下各族人民之间的社会交往情况。从敦煌出土的众多契约文书中可以发现,上到官府等政治机构,中以佛教寺院为过渡,下到平民百姓,纵横方向都有契约关系频繁发生。官府保障契约的实施,以法规形式强化民间契约的合法性,由专门的官员负责市券、契约等的制定颁发;寺院进行无息借贷,产生了大量粮食借贷契;平民之间的租赁利息较少,与日常生活相关;这些契约文书中常有不同身份的人作为担保人、知见人出现,并承担相应的契约责任。体现出当时敦煌地区各族人民之间的社会交流,契约文书是以最直接的经济活动记录,反映了当时敦煌地区各族人民之间的社会生活和社会交流。The unearthed contract documents of Dunhuang during the Tubo period accounted for a certain propor⁃tion of the socio-economic documents.Such documents reflect the social communication between the people of various ethnic groups in Dunhuang under the Tibetan Empire rule.At this time,tension and confrontation between ethnic rela⁃tions is the mainstream,but it is not always tough.From the numerous contract documents,we can find that there is a contractual relationship between the political institutions such as the government,the Buddhist temples,and the poor people.The government guarantees the implementation of the contract and strengthens the legality of the private con⁃tract in the form of laws and regulations.Special officials are responsible for the formulation and issuance of market bonds,contracts,etc;monasteries carry out interest-free loans,resulting in a large number of grain loan contracts;Lease interest between civilians is less,which is related to daily life.These contract documents often have people of different identities appearing as guarantors and knowers,and they bear the corresponding contractual responsibilities.The contract documents,with the most direct records of economic activities,reflected the social life exchanges and ex⁃changes among the people of all ethnic groups in Dunhuang area at that time.

关 键 词：敦煌 吐蕃时期 契约关系 

分 类 号：K877[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]