大气CO_(2)浓度升高与氮肥互作对玉米花后碳氮代谢及产量的影响  

Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO_(2) Concentration and Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Yield of Summer Maize and Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism After Flowering

作　　者：李明 李迎春[1] 牛晓光 马芬 魏娜 郝兴宇[2] 董李冰 郭李萍[1] LI Ming;LI YingChun;NIU XiaoGuang;MA Fen;WEI Na;HAO XingYu;DONG LiBing;GUO LiPing(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081;College of Agronomy,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,Shanxi)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业农村部农业环境重点实验室,北京100081 [2]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2021年第17期3647-3665,共19页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300301)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究大气CO_(2)浓度升高(eCO_(2))及氮肥施用对夏玉米开花吐丝后不同组分碳氮代谢物含量及动态和产量的影响,为全球气候变化下玉米生理过程及产量形成的变化提供理论支撑,同时为玉米作物模型调参提供实证数据。【方法】利用自由大气CO_(2)富集(FACE)平台,以夏玉米品种农大108为试验材料开展田间试验。在常规大气CO_(2)浓度(aCO_(2),(400±15)μmol·mol^(-1))和高CO_(2)浓度(eCO_(2),(550±20)μmol·mol^(-1))下分别设置不施氮(ZN)和施氮(CN,180 kg N·hm^(-2))2个氮水平。对夏玉米产量及其构成要素、干物质积累、花后碳代谢物(可溶性糖、淀粉、总碳)动态和氮代谢物(硝态氮,游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白、非溶性氮化合物细胞壁氮素和类囊体氮素、总氮)动态以及碳氮比动态进行监测。【结果】(1)eCO_(2)与施氮对夏玉米生物量积累有一定促进作用,但对产量及产量构成因素的影响均不显著。(2)eCO_(2)使玉米花后功能叶碳组份中的可溶性糖浓度显著提高,灌浆后期叶片碳氮比显著提高。(3)eCO_(2)下花后玉米功能叶氮代谢中的必需功能氮组分浓度未受影响,而一些结构性氮组分浓度有降低,eCO_(2)对功能叶中功能氮组分(如可溶性蛋白)的含量没有显著影响;氮代谢中的简单组分(如游离氨基酸)在功能叶中的浓度仅在开花期比aCO_(2)有显著增加,后期没有显著影响;但eCO_(2)下氮代谢中的非溶性氮组分(如细胞壁氮素和类囊体氮素)含量在花后一些时期显著降低。(4)氮肥施用使玉米从抽雄到灌浆后期功能叶非结构性碳水化合物(如可溶性糖)浓度、硝态氮浓度、细胞壁氮素和类囊体氮素含量显著提高;中等土壤肥力下不施氮处理的功能叶可溶性蛋白含量没有受影响,但非溶性氮组分(如类囊体氮和细胞壁氮)含量降低,氮素优先满足作物生长必需的可溶性蛋白。(5)eCO_(2)和氮肥交互作用对不同�【Objective】To provide the theoretical support on the mechanism on the sustainable production of maize under future climate change and give suggestions on associate parameter adjustment for crop models,the effects of elevated atmospheric CO_(2) concentrations(eCO_(2))and nitrogen application on the content and dynamics of different carbon and nitrogen metabolites after flowering of summer maize were studied.【Method】Based on the free atmospheric CO_(2) enrichment(FACE)platform,a field experiment was carried out with Nongda 108,a summer maize variety,as the experimental material.Two nitrogen levels(ZN-zero nitrogen and CN-180 kg N·hm^(-2))were set under the ambient atmospheric CO_(2) concentration(aCO_(2))of about(400±15)μmol·mol^(-1) and high CO_(2) concentration of(550±20)μmol·mol^(-1),respectively.The following measurements were monitored in the experiment:the maize yield and its components,accumulation of dry matter,content and dynamics of carbon metabolites,including non-structural carbohydrates(ie.soluble sugar and starch),total carbon and nitrogen metabolites including soluble nitrogen(ie.nitrate nitrogen,free amino acids,and soluble protein),and insoluble nitrogen compounds(ie.cell walls-N,thylakoid-N,and total-N),and the carbon to nitrogen ratio.【Result】(1)eCO_(2) and nitrogen application could promote the accumulation of biomass of summer maize,however the effects on maize yield and yield components were not significant.(2)Under eCO_(2),the concentration of soluble sugar,one of the components of carbon metabolites,showed significant increase in the functional leaves after the flowering stage,as well as the C/N ration at the late seed-filling stage.(3)Under eCO_(2),the concentration of essential functional N components did not show obvious variation in the functional leaves after the flowering stage,but the content of some structural nitrogen components were decreased:The content of soluble protein,the functional N component,was not affected by eCO_(2) in the functional leaves.The concent

关 键 词：玉米 CO_(2)浓度升高 氮肥 产量 碳氮代谢 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]