不同类型氮肥对东北春玉米土壤N_(2)O和CO_(2)昼夜排放的影响  

Diurnal Variation of N_(2)O and CO_(2) Emissions in Spring Maize Fields in Northeast China Under Different Nitrogen Fertilizers

作　　者：姚凡云[1] 刘志铭[1] 曹玉军[1] 吕艳杰[1] 魏雯雯[1] 吴兴宏[1] 王永军[1,2] 谢瑞芝 YAO FanYun;LIU ZhiMing;CAO YuJun;Lü YanJie;WEI WenWen;WU XingHong;WANG YongJun;XIE RuiZhi(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Engineering Laboratory of Maize,Changchun 130033;College of Agronomy,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/玉米国家工程实验室,长春130033 [2]吉林农业大学农学院,长春130118 [3]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2021年第17期3680-3690,共11页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300303)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明不同类型氮肥对高纬度春玉米土壤N_(2)O和CO_(2)昼夜排放的影响,以期为高纬度地区农田氮肥高效利用管理和温室气体减排提供参考依据。【方法】通过田间微区施用缓释肥(SLN)、尿素添加硝化抑制剂+脲酶抑制剂(NIUI)和普通尿素(OU)试验,采用静态箱-气相色谱法,分别在苗前(S1)、苗期(S2)、拔节期(S3)、灌浆期(S4)、蜡熟期(S5)和休闲期(S6)6个时期取样测定,比较分析农田N_(2)O和CO_(2)的昼夜排放特性。【结果】施用不同类型氮肥,田间N_(2)O和CO_(2)昼夜排放均呈单峰变化趋势,S1—S6时期,土壤N_(2)O排放高峰出现在12:00—19:00,排放低谷出现在下半夜(0:00—6:00),而S2—S5同一时期白天或夜晚各观测时段之间CO_(2)排放通量差异不显著。S1和S2时期,N_(2)O和CO_(2)白天排放量分别占全天总排放量的56.2%—82.3%和53.6%—66.5%,而S3—S6时期,白天排放比例分别为40.6%—59.6%和43.7%—55.4%。SLN处理减少了S1时期土壤N_(2)O的全天总排放量,而NIUI处理减少了S1、S2和S5时期土壤N_(2)O的全天总排放量,其主要减排时段为S1时期的4:00—16:00和S2时期的12:00—22:00,其中S2时期18:00—19:00减排量占所有减排时段总量的57.3%,S5时期昼夜各时段均表现为减排作用,且昼夜减排比例相当;SLN对土壤CO_(2)的主要减排时段为S1时期的全天和S3时期的15:00—4:00,其中S1时期12:00—23:00减排比例高达76.8%,S3时期夜晚减排比例占所有减排时段总量的68.1%;NIUI处理在玉米生长季5个测定日都表现出对CO_(2)的减排作用,但昼夜减排比例存在差异,白天平均减排46.9%,最高减排达73.2%。同时发现,N_(2)O和CO_(2)排放通量日均值与9:00—10:00观测值存在极显著正相关关系(rN_(2)O=0.938**,rCO_(2)=0.977**),9:00—10:00可作为东北春玉米农田N_(2)O和CO_(2)昼夜排放研究的代表性取样时段。【结论】不同类型氮肥对土壤N_(2)O和CO_(2)昼夜排放通量的影响在不�【Objective】The effects of different types of nitrogen fertilizers on the diurnal variation of N_(2)O and CO_(2) fluxes from spring maize soil at high latitude were explored,in order to provide a reference for nitrogen fertilizer efficient utilization management and greenhouse gas emission reduction in farmland at high latitude.【Method】Field micro-plot trials and the static chamber-gas chromatography method were used to investigate the effects of slow release fertilizer(SLN),urea plus nitrification inhibitor and urease inhibitor(NIUI)and ordinary urea application(OU)on the diurnal variation of N_(2)O and CO_(2) emissions from spring maize fields at high latitudes.The day-night emission characteristics of soil N_(2)O and CO_(2) were compared and analyzed in 6 periods,including pre-emergence stage(S1),seedling stage(S2),jointing stage(S3),filling stage(S4),dough stage(S5),and fallow period(S6).【Result】The diurnal variation of N_(2)O and CO_(2) emissions under different nitrogen fertilizers showed a single peak trend.From stage S1 to S6,the peak of N_(2)O emissions appeared in 13:00-19:00,and the peak valley occurred after midnight(0:00-6:00).However,there was no significant difference in CO_(2) fluxes between observation periods during day or night at the same stage from S2 to S5.In stage S1 and S2,the daytime emissions of N_(2)O and CO_(2) accounted for 56.2%-82.3%and 53.6%-66.5%of the total emissions of the whole day,respectively.From stage S3 to S5,the ratio of N_(2)O and CO_(2) emission in the daytime was 40.6%-59.6%and 43.7%-55.4%,respectively.SLN treatment reduced the soil N_(2)O cumulative emission in stage S1,while NIUI treatment reduced the soil N_(2)O cumulative emission at stages S1,S2 and S5,and the emission reduction period was mainly from 4:00-16:00 in the daytime of stage S1 and 12:00 to 22:00 of stage S2,among which the emission reduction from 18:00-19:00 during stage S2 accounts for 57.3%of the total emission reduction period.All time periods of day and night showed the effect of emissio

关 键 词：不同氮肥 春玉米农田 N_(2)O和CO_(2)排放通量 昼夜变化 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]