锌与尿素结合对锌有效性及尿素转化的影响  

Effects of Zinc Combined with Urea on Zinc Availability and Urea Conversion

作　　者：赵丽芳 袁亮[1] 张水勤[1] 赵秉强[1] 林治安[1] 李燕婷[1] ZHAO LiFang;YUAN Liang;ZHANG ShuiQin;ZHAO BingQiang;LIN ZhiAn;LI YanTing(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2021年第16期3461-3472,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200403)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过研究锌与尿素以不同方式结合施用对土壤中锌有效性及尿素在土壤中转化的影响,探究氮锌相互作用机制,为锌与尿素科学配伍及养分高效利用提供科学依据。【方法】将七水硫酸锌按0.5%和5%的重量份与尿素分别进行物理掺混(U+Zn)和熔融混合(UZn),制备含锌尿素试验产品:U+Zn0.5、U+Zn5、UZn0.5和UZn5。采用土壤培养试验,研究锌与尿素以不同方式结合施用对土壤有效锌含量、土壤酰胺态氮含量、土壤NO_(3)^(-)-N和NH_(4)^(+)-N含量及土壤脲酶活性的影响,并结合X射线光电子能谱和核磁共振波谱分析锌与尿素不同结合方式对锌有效性和尿素转化的影响机制。试验设置8个处理:①CK(对照),不施任何肥料;②U,施用普通尿素;③Zn0.5,单施ZnSO_(4)∙7H_(2)O;④Zn5,单施ZnSO_(4)∙7H_(2)O;⑤U+Zn0.5,施用含锌尿素U+Zn0.5;⑥U+Zn5,施用含锌尿素U+Zn5;⑦UZn0.5,施用含锌尿素UZn0.5;⑧UZn5,施用含锌尿素UZn5。其中,处理②、⑤、⑥、⑦和⑧的氮用量相同,处理③、⑤和⑦的锌用量相同,处理④同⑥和⑧的锌用量。【结果】(1)与单施锌肥相比,锌与尿素以物理掺混和熔融混合方式结合后施用均可提高土壤有效锌含量,且熔融混合方式对锌有效性的提高效果强于物理掺混。在0.5%水平下,锌与尿素混合施用较锌肥单施土壤有效锌含量平均提高17.3%,而熔融混合较物理掺混平均提高了10.9%;在5%水平下,锌与尿素混合施用较锌肥单施土壤有效锌含量平均提高13.1%,熔融混合较物理掺混则平均提高了12.7%;在熔融混合方式下,0.5%用量(UZn0.5)的锌固定率较5%用量(UZn5)的降低了23.93个百分点。(2)与普通尿素(U)相比,4种含锌尿素均可减缓尿素水解,其中锌与尿素熔融结合较物理掺混结合更有利于延缓尿素水解,且以0.5%的用量时二者差异达到显著水平(P<0.05)。(3)锌与尿素结合可在培养后期提高土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N含量,以UZn0.5【Objective】The interaction mechanism of nitrogen and zinc was explored by investigating the effects of zinc combined with urea in different ways on the zinc availability and the urea conversion in soil,so as to provide a scientific basis for the scientific compatibility of zinc and urea and the high-efficiency utilization of nutrients.【Method】0.5 and 5 parts by weight of zinc sulfate heptahydrate were combined with 99.5 and 95 parts by weight of urea by the physical mixing process(U+Zn)and the melt mixing process(UZn),respectively,to prepare zinc-containing urea test products:U+Zn0.5,U+Zn5,UZn0.5 and UZn5.The soil culture experiment was conducted to study the effects of zinc combined with urea in different ways on soil available zinc content,soil amide nitrogen content,soil NO_(3)^(-)N and NH_(4)^(+)-N content,and soil urease activity.Subsequently,the inherent mechanism was revealed by combining the structure of zinc-containing urea investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.There were eight treatments arranged:①CK(control),without any fertilizer;②U,applied with common urea;③Zn0.5,applied with ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O;④Zn5,applied with ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O;⑤U+Zn0.5,applied with zinc-containing urea U+Zn0.5;⑥U+Zn5,applied with zinc-containing urea U+Zn5;⑦UZn0.5,applied with zinc-containing urea UZn0.5;⑧UZn5,applied with zinc-containing urea UZn5.Wherein,the same amount of nitrogen was applied for the treatments of②,⑤,⑥,⑦and⑧,the same amount of zinc for treatments of③,⑤and⑦,and the amount of zinc for treatments of④,⑥and⑧.【Result】(1)Compared with single application of zinc fertilizer,zinc combined with urea increased the available zinc content of the soil,and the zinc-containing urea prepared by the melt mixing process had a better performance than that prepared by physical mixing process.At the 0.5%level,zinc combined with urea increased the available zinc content by 17.3%on average compared with zinc fertilizer applied alone,

关 键 词：含锌尿素 物理掺混 熔融混合 锌有效性 尿素转化 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学]