氮磷钾运筹模式对北疆滴灌棉花生长发育和产量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium on Drip-Irrigated Cotton Growth and Yield in Northern Xinjiang

作　　者：文明 李明华 蒋家乐 马学花 李容望 赵文青 崔静[1,2] 刘扬 马富裕 WEN Ming;LI MingHua;JIANG JiaLe;MA XueHua;LI RongWang;ZHAO WenQing;CUI Jing;LIU Yang;MA FuYu(School of Agriculture,Shihezi University/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Shihezi 832003,Xinjiang;National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Information Management and Application Technology for Modern Agricultural Production(XPCC),Shihezi 832003,Xinjiang;College of Agronomy,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院/新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832003 [2]现代农业生产信息化管理与应用技术国家地方联合工程研究中心(新疆兵团),新疆石河子8320003 [3]南京农业大学农学院,南京210095

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2021年第16期3473-3487,共15页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201900);国家自然科学基金-地区基金(31860346);兵团财政科技计划(2020AB017);石河子大学高层次人才科研启动项目(RCSX2018B09);石河子大学新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态重点实验室开放课题发展基金(201802)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确北疆滴灌棉花干物质积累及产量形成对氮磷钾综合运筹的响应特征,为节省氮肥成本提供依据。【方法】以鲁棉研24号为材料,在4种施氮量(506、402.5、299和195.5 kg∙hm^(-2),分别用N1、N2、N3和N4表示)和蕾期、花铃期4种不同磷钾肥运筹方式(100%+0,25%+75%,50%+50%和75%+25%,分别用PK-M1,PK-M2,PK-M3和PK-M4表示)下进行田间试验。试验期间测定棉花叶面积指数(LAI)、干物质积累、蕾花铃数量及产量等指标。【结果】在相同磷钾运筹方式下,随着施氮量的降低,LAI的Logistic模型K’值表现为先上升后下降趋势,N3比N2处理高5.1%—16.5%,快速增长起始期(t1)和快速增长结束期(t2)均为N3处理最晚,且N3处理快速增长期持续时间最长,N3处理比N2处理多2—12 d;N3处理生长特征值GT最高,N2处理次之,N3比N2处理高5.2%—16.7%;干物质积累量在生长前期表现为N1>N2>N3>N4处理,在生长后期表现为N2>N1>N3>N4处理;蕾花铃数在全生育期表现为N2>N3>N1>N4处理;产量相对值在各施氮处理下表现为N2处理最高,N3处理次之,N2处理比N3处理高3.6%—6.5%。在相同施氮量下,LAI的Logistic模型K’值最高为PK-M3处理,最低为PK-M1处理,PK-M3处理比PK-M1处理高20.5%—27.4%;快速增长起始期t1(2019年除外)和快速增长结束期t2均为PK-M3最晚,且PK-M3处理快速增长期持续时间(T)最长;PK-M3处理生长特征值(GT)最高,PK-M2处理次之,PK-M3处理比PK-M2处理高13.0%—24.5%;干物质积累量在生长前期表现为PK-M2处理>PK-M3处理>PK-M4处理>PK-M1处理,生长后期表现为PK-M3>PK-M2>PK-M4>PK-M1处理;蕾花铃数在生长前期表现PK-M4>PK-M3>PK-M>PK-M2处理,生长后期表现为PK-M3>PK-M2>PK-M4>PK-M1处理;产量相对值表现为PK-M3处理最高,比其他磷钾处理高5.2%—18.2%。所有处理中,N3PK-M3处理下LAI Logistic模型K’值和GT值最大,T最长,在吐絮期干物质积累量、相对产量值和后期蕾花铃数仅次于N2PK-M3处理,生�【Objective】The aim of this study was to clarify the response of reduced nitrogen(N)application with different phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)managements(PK-M)on drip-irrigated cotton growth,dry matter accumulation and yield formation in Northern Xinjiang,so as to provide a theroe base for reduced N application with cost saving.【Method】Field experiments were conducted by using Lumianyan 24 under four N application rates(506,402.5,299 and 195.5 kg·hm^(-2)designated as N1,N2,N3 and N4,respectively),and four different PK-Ms during squaring stage and bloom-bolling stage(100%+0,25%+75%,50%+50%and 75%+25%designated as PK-M1,PK-M2,PK-M3 and PK-M4,respectively).The leaf area index(LAI),dry matter accumulation and distribution,reproductive organs dynamic changes and yield were assayed during experiment period.【Result】Under the same PK-M treatment,the K’value of LAI’s Logistic model showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the decrease of nitrogen application rate;the K’value under N3 was 5.1%-16.5%higher than that under N2,and which in the fast accumulation period in initiated(t1)and terminated(t2)days were the latest under N3;which in the duration of fast accumulation period(T)was the longest,and N3 was 2-12 days longer than N2.The growth characteristic value(GT)under N3 was the highest,followed by N2,and N3 was 5.2%-16.7%higher than that under N2.The dry matter accumulation in the early growth period was N1>N2>N3>N4 treatment,and in the late period was N2>N1>N3>N4 treatment.The number of reproductive organs was N2>N3>N1>N4 treatment during the growth period.The relative yield value under N2 was the highest,followed by N3 treatment,which under N2 was 3.6%-6.5%higher than that under N3.Under the same N application rate,the K’value of LAI logistic model under PK-M3 was the highest and PK-M1 was the lowest,and PK-M3 was 20.5%-27.4%higher than PK-M1;the fast accumulation period in initiated(t1)(except in 2019)and terminated(t2)days were both the latest under PK-M3.The growth characteristi

关 键 词：棉花 减量施氮 磷钾运筹 产量 叶面积指数 滴灌 北疆 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]