云南省居民公共场所和工作场所二手烟暴露及禁烟支持率调查  

Investigation of the second-hand smoking exposure and the support rate of smoking ban in public places and workplaces of Yunnan Province

作　　者：石瑜[1] 陈平[2] 罗欣萍[2] 张寒蕾[2] 赵白帆[2] SHI Yu;CHEN Ping;LUO Xin-ping;ZHANG Han-lei;ZHAO Bai-fan(Kunming Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Kunming,Yunnan Province 650228,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明市疾病预防控制中心病媒消毒科,云南省昆明650228 [2]云南省健康教育所控烟办公室

出　　处：《中国慢性病预防与控制》2021年第8期576-581,共6页Chinese Journal of Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases

基　　金：2016年中央转移支付地方健康素养促进行动项目。

摘　　要：目的了解云南省15岁及以上居民在各类公共场所的二手烟暴露水平、室内工作者在工作场所的二手烟暴露水平以及居民对公共场所的禁烟态度,为促进无烟环境建设提供理论依据。方法于2017年2-6月,采用多阶段分层整群概率抽样法抽取全省6 369名15岁及以上居民,问卷调查基本情况、烟草使用、二手烟暴露、室内工作者的工作场所是否有禁烟规定以及公共场所禁烟态度等。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行复杂抽样调查数据的分析,并进行χ^(2)检验。结果云南省15岁及以上居民在酒吧、KTV或夜总会,网吧,餐厅,咖啡店或小西餐厅,大学,中小学,公共交通工具,政府大楼或政府办公室,出租车和医疗卫生机构公共场所的二手烟暴露率分别为94.2%(95%CI:87.3%~94.7%)、89.7%(95%CI:78.9%~95.3%)、77.5%(95%CI:73.1%~81.3%)、67.2%(95%CI:59.8%~73.8%)、44.9%(95%CI:34.4%~55.8%)、41.2%(95%CI:35.3%~47.3%)、34.1%(95%CI:28.1%~40.7%)、33.6%(95%CI:27.2%~40.8%)、29.8%(95%CI:23.4%~37.0%)和25.3%(95%CI:21.5%~29.5%)。室内工作者在工作场所的二手烟暴露率为58.6%(95%CI:51.7%~65.2%);仅33.3%(95%CI:27.8%~39.3%)的室内工作者工作场所有室内完全禁烟规定。调查对象对各类公共场所应完全禁烟的支持率从高到低依次是:医院(95.5%,95%CI:94.0%~96.6%)、中小学(93.7%,95%CI:91.6%~95.3%)、公共交通工具(92.3%,95%CI:90.2%~94.0%)、大学(89.0%,95%CI:85.5%~91.7%)、出租车(88.9%,95%CI:85.5%~91.6%)、工作场所(88.8%,95%CI:86.4%~90.7%)、餐厅(74.7%,95%CI:67.8%~80.5%)、酒吧或KTV或夜总会(52.1%,95%CI:44.1%~59.9%)。结论云南省居民公共场所二手烟暴露率较高,应加快全省无烟立法进程,并加强执行和监管力度;同时,需要通过宣传教育及媒体行动,塑造无烟氛围。Objective To understand the level of second-hand smoking(SHS) exposure among residents (≥15 years old) in various public places of Yunnan Province,the level of SHS exposure of indoor workers in the workplace and the attitude on smoking ban in the public places of residents,and to provide the theoretical basis for promoting smoke-free environment construction. Methods The multi-stage cluster probability sampling method was used to select 6 369 residents (≥15 years old) from February to June 2017 as the subjects. The investigation was performed with questionnaires(including the basic information,tabacco usage,SHS exposure,the smoking ban in the workplace and the attitude on smoking ban in public places of residents). The χ^(2) test was used to analyze the data. The used software was SPSS 22.0. Results The SHS exposure rates in public places(bars or KTV or nightclubs,internet cafes,restaurants,coffee shops or small western restaurants,universities,primary and secondary schools,public transport,government buildings or offices,taxis and medical institutions) in residents (≥15 years old) of Yunnan Province were 94.2%(95%CI:87.3%-94.7%),89.7%(95%CI:78.9%-95.3%),77.5 %(95%CI:73.1%-81.3%),67.2%(95%CI:59.8%-73.8%),44.9%(95% CI:34.4%-55.8%),41.2%(95% CI:35.3%-47.3%),34.1%(95% CI:28.1%-40.7%),33.6%(95% CI:27.2%-40.8%),29.8%(95%CI:23.4%-37.0%) and 25.3%(95%CI:21.5%-29.5%). The SHS exposure rate of indoor workers in the workplace was 58.6%(95%CI:51.7%-65.2%),and only 33.3%(95%CI:27.8%-39.3%) of indoor workplaces had the regulation of smoking ban. The order of support rates for smoking ban in public places of the subjects was the hospitals(95.5%,95%CI:94.0%-96.6%),primary and secondary schools(93.7%,95%CI:91.6%-95.3%),public transportation(92.3%,95%CI:90.2%-94.0%),universities(89.0%,95% CI:85.5%-91.7%),taxis(88.9%,95% CI:85.5%-91.6%),workplaces(88.8%,95% CI:86.4%-90.7%),restaurants(74.7%,95%CI:67.8%-80.5%),bars or KTV or nightclubs(52.1%,95%CI:44.1%-59.9%).Conclusion The SHS exposure rate in public places among residents

关 键 词：二手烟暴露 公共场所 禁烟 

分 类 号：R163[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]