采暖建筑外表面热流及换热系数现场测试研究  

FIELD TESTING OF HEAT FLUX AND HEAT EXCHANGE COEFFICIENTS ON HEATED BUILDING EXTERIOR SURFACE

作　　者：朱新荣[1,2] 杨轩 杨雯[1,2] 刘加平 Zhu Xinrong;Yang Xuan;Yang Wen;Liu Jiaping(School of Architecture,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055,China;Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Building in Western(Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology),Xi’an 710055,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学建筑学院,西安710055 [2]陕西省(西部)绿色建筑重点实验室(西安建筑科技大学),西安710055

出　　处：《太阳能学报》2021年第8期258-264,共7页Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(51838011);国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2016YFC0700208-03;2017YFC0702402);陕西省教育厅专项科研项目(18JK0447)。

摘　　要：建筑表面换热系数是建筑热工与节能及暖通空调领域的重要基础计算参数。为研究实际建筑表面热流与换热系数的波动趋势,为换热系数的取值和边界条件的设置提供合理的实测依据,采用一种新型超薄热流传感器,利用直接热平衡法,实测了西安采暖季期间的某办公建筑外墙,获取了外表面的辐射、对流及总热流,对流与辐射换热系数的变化曲线。结果表明,测试期间外表面辐射与对流换热系数分别在2.19~11.32 W/(m^(2)·K)和0.15~6.58 W/(m^(2)·K)之间变化;总热流中辐射热流平均占比80%;城市中心低风速区域,对流换热系数值较小,其取值需重新考虑;对风速较低的自然风,给出对流换热系数分别与风速和湍流度的关系式,发现对流换热系数与湍流度相关性更好;对于重质围护结构,换热系数取值带来的误差较小;而对于传热系数较大的轻质围护结构,取固定值可能会产生较大的误差。Heat transfer coefficient of building surface is an important basic calculation parameter in building thermal engineering,energy saving and HVAC field. In order to investigate the dynamic changes of heat flow and heat transfer coefficients on the actual building surface,and to provide accurate basic data for the selection of heat transfer coefficients and the setting of building boundary conditions,a new type of ultra-thin heat flow sensor is used in this study,the direct heat balance method is adopted,field tests are carried out on the exterior walls of an office building in Xi’an in the heating season. The variation curves of radiation,convection and total heat flux,convection heat transfer coefficient(CHTC)and radiation heat transfer coefficient(RHTC)of the outer wall are obtained. The results indicate that the radiation and convection heat transfer coefficients of the external wall change from 2.19 to 11.32(W/m^(2)·K)and 0.15 to 6.58 W/(m^(2)·K),respectively. The radiation heat flux of the external wall accounts for 80% of the total heat flux.In the low wind speed area of urban center,the value of CHTC is very small,which needs to be reconsidered. The relationship between CHTC and wind speed and turbulence is given for natural wind with low wind speed. The correlation between CHTC and turbulence is batter than relationship between CHTC and wind speed. For heavy envelope,the error of heat transfer coefficient is very small,but for the lightweight envelope with larger heat transfer coefficient,the fixed value may cause greater errors.

关 键 词：换热系数 对流 辐射 采暖建筑 热流密度 现场测试 

分 类 号：TU111.1[建筑科学—建筑理论]