船员苯系物暴露职业健康风险评估-基于被动监测实船案例  

Occupational health risk assessment of seafarers exposed to BTEX-based on passive monitoring of an actual ship case

作　　者：陶秋瑾 沈钰馨 李国进[2] 王宝鹏 刘辉 段奎全 张泽忠 李清波[1] TAO Qiujin;SHEN Yuxin;LI Guojin;WANG Baopeng;LIU Hui;DUAN Kuiquan;ZHANG Zezhong;LI Qingbo(Environmental Science and Engineering College,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian,116026,China;State-owned Assets Management Office,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian,116026,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学环境科学与工程学院,大连116026 [2]大连海事大学国有资产管理处,大连116026

出　　处：《环境化学》2021年第8期2345-2354,共10页Environmental Chemistry

摘　　要：利用TD管(Thermal desorption tube)采集了某实习船出访活动期间舱室内外的空气样品,使用全自动热解析系统TD-GC/MSD分析了样品中苯、甲苯、间,对二甲苯、1,3,5-三甲基苯、乙基苯和苯乙烯等6种苯系物的浓度,并采用美国环保署(US EPA)健康风险评估模型对甲板部及轮机部船员进行了职业健康风险评估。结果表明,航行及停泊期间主机舱苯系物的平均浓度均最高,分别为71.47μg·m^(−3)和422.74μg·m^(−3),航行期间6种苯系物占比大小依次为苯(43%)、甲苯(26%)、1,3,5-三甲基苯(13%)、间,对二甲苯(8%)、乙基苯(9%)和苯乙烯(1%);停泊期间大小依次为乙基苯(29%)、间,对二甲苯(26%)、1,3,5-三甲基苯(25%)、甲苯(14%)、苯(5%)和苯乙烯(1%)。停泊期间,各监测点位(除驾驶台外)苯系物总浓度为航行期间的5倍。对船员的健康风险评估结果表明,甲板部和轮机部船员职业环境中危险商值(HQ)小于1,表明其职业环境中苯、甲苯、间,对二甲苯、乙基苯和苯乙烯的暴露对其不存在显著的非致癌风险;通过对其职业环境中苯和乙基苯的致癌风险值分析,表明甲板部与轮机部船员职业环境中的苯及乙基苯存在潜在的致癌风险。TD tube(Thermal desorption tube)were used to collect air samples on a training vessel during navigation and berthing.The concentration levels of six BTEX,benzene,toluene,m-xylene,1,3,5-trimethylbenzene,ethylbenzene and styrene in the samples were analyzed using TD/GC-MSD,and the health risk assessment model of US EPA was used to assess the occupational health risks for deck department seafarers and engine department seafarers.The results showed that the concentration of BTEX in the main engine room during the navigation and berthing was both the highest with the concentration of 71.47μg·m^(−3),422.74μg·m^(−3),respectively.During navigation,the rank of six individual BTEX fraction was listed as follows:benzene(43%)、toluene(26%)、1,3,5-trimethylbenzene(13%)、m,p-xylene(8%)、ethylbenzene(9%)and styrene(1%),while during berthing,the rank was:ethylbenzene(29%)、m,p-xylene(26%)、1,3,5-trimethylbenzene(25%)、toluene(14%)、benzene(5%)and styrene(1%).The total concentration of BTEX at all monitoring points(except the bridge)during berthing was 5 times of that during navigation.According to seafarers’health risk assessment,the hazard quotient(HQ)in deck department and engine department occupation environment was less than 1,indicating that BTEX in occupational environment has no significant non-carcinogenic risk to deck department seafarers and engine department seafarers,while there is a potential carcinogenic risk of benzene and ethylbenzene in the occupational environment of seafarers in the deck department and the engine department.

关 键 词：苯系物 被动采样 职业环境 船员健康风险 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程]